9-23 Back/Muscle

Question 1

1) What are the boundaries of the Back

2) Where is the SUPERIOR scapula angle located?
3) Where is inferior scapula angle?

Answer 1

1)Back: Base of the skull/occiput to the
[L4 vertebra iliac crest]

2) SUP scap: T1-T2
3) inferior scap: T7

Question 2

A: Describe composition of VERTEBRAL COLUMN
B: What does this do?

C: Where does VERTEBRAL COLUMN arise from and how are they innervated?

Answer 2

A: True back muscles made of [erector spinae muscle] & [transversospinalis muscles]
B: moves vertebral column and maintains erect posture

C: epaxial musculature of embryonic myotomes–> innervated ONLY by spinal dorsal rami nerves

Question 3

What is the Scapula and what does it articulate?

2) Name at least 7 landmarks for The Scapula bone?

Answer 3

Apprendicular upper limb bone that articulates the humerus head

2) 
ºSup/inf angles
ºSupra/infra - glenoid tubercles
ºScapular Spine
ºMedial/lateral/superior BORders
ºAcromion [sits higher than Coracoid]
ºCoracoid process
ºGlenoid cavity fossa & labrum
ºSupra/infra - spinous fossas
ºsuprascapular notch
ºLateral angle / Head of Scapula
ºNeck of Scapula

Question 4

What are the 3 muscle groups attached to the Coracoid Process of _____

Answer 4

Coracoid process is apart of the SCAPULA

*Muscles attached:
Bicep short head / Pectoralis minor / Coracobrachialis

Question 5

Fascia

2) What’s the difference between Superficial fascia and DEEP fascia?

Answer 5

Connective tissue that compartmentalizes the body and holds it together

2) Superficial=variable thickness, contains fat, neurovascular bundles and is found a lot in lower back

vs.
DEEP= Covers/invests muscles

Question 6

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 6

fascia thickening that invests many muscle groups and is continuous w/aponeurosis of the lats

Question 7

Name and describe the 2 groups of muscles

Answer 7

1-[Superficial/Xtrinsic/Camper] muscle=
*act on upper limbs, moving scapula and ribs.
** innervated by
[spinal Ventral rami nerves or CN 11/spinal accessory]
———>Trapezius

2- “true” [inTrinsic Deep/scarpal] back muscles innervated by spinal Dorsal rami nerves! [move and begin in same room]

Question 8

How many groups of _____[superficial/deep] Erector spinae muscle are there?

Answer 8

3 ! // Erector Spinae is a DEEP muscle (Group 1)

Question 9

Which SUPERficial BACK muscles act on apprendicular upper limbs? [5]

Answer 9

1. Traps
2. Lats
3. Levator scapulae
4. BOTH Rhomboid
5. Serratus ANterior (more lateral then back &attaches to scapula)

Question 10

Name the SUPERficial muscles acting on ribs and respiration [3]

2)What nerve group innervate these muscles?

Answer 10

A. Serratus posterior superior
B. Serratus posterior inferior
C. Levatores costarum [Spinal nerve DORSAL rami]

2))BOTH SERRATUS POST Innervated by Spinal Ventral rami nerves

Question 11

Describe the second DEEP muscle group Transversospinalis

Answer 11

DEEP muscle (Group 2) = extends from transverse process to spinous vertebrae processes = coordinate FINE muscle movement of vertebral column

Question 12

Nerves are typically found within ____

Answer 12

FAT

Question 13

What are the 4 muscles of the sub-occipital triangle

Answer 13

1. Rectus capitis POST major
2. Rectus capitis POST miNor
3. Obliquus capitis SUP
4. Oliquus capitis inferior

Question 14

Cranial Nerve 11 (____ ____ nerve):

*Location and Function

Answer 14

Cranial Nerve 11(spinal accessory nerve)

C11 –> Innervates Traps!

Question 15

Thoracodorsal Nerve

*Location and Function

Answer 15

C6–>C8 = Innervates Latissimus Dorsi

Question 16

Long Thoracic Nerve
*Location and Function

2) What artery is paired up with this nerve?

Answer 16

ROOTS of C5 + C6 + C7 combined = LTN = innervates Serratus ANTERIOR

2) paired with [Lateral Thoracic Artery]

Question 17

Dorsal scapular Nerve

* Location and Function

Answer 17

C5 Root = Innervates Rhomboid Muscles and Levator Scapulae!

Question 18

Explain the Cutaneous innervation of the BACK area (3)

Answer 18

Done by spinal Dorsal Rami= in upper half medial branch of C2 (AKA GreATER Occipital Nerve!) supplies the skin.

Lower half of skin innervated by LATeral nerve branch

Question 19

The 1st Cervical Nerve [AKA_____nerve] is STRICTLY ____

Answer 19

The SubOccipital nerve C1 is STRICTLY MOTOR

Question 20

Circumflex Scapular Artery [3]

Answer 20

located on the dorsal scapula, this artery supplies blood to teres & infraspinatus muscles AND helps form scapular anastomoses

Question 21

Posterior Circumflex humeral Artery

Answer 21

supplies blood to DELTOIDS & arm muscles near surgical humerus neck. It anastomoses w/anterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 22

A: Describe the following Triangles!

1. Triangle of auscultation
2. Triangle of subOccipital triangle
3. (Triangular space)
4. (Lumbar triangle)
5. Quadrangular space

B: **What’s special about the SubOccipital Triangle?

Answer 22

1. auscultation = bound by Traps, Lats and Scapula
2. SubOccipital Triangle = bound by [rectus capitis POST major], [obliquous capitis SUP] & [oliquous capitis INF]
3. bound by teres major, teres minor and tricep long heads
4. bound by lats, external ab obliques and ilium
5. NOT A TRIANGLE=same as [Triangular Space] but also bound by HUMERUS

B: SubOccipital Triangle contains a LARGE IMP. BRAIN ARTERY

Question 23

• *Trapezius**
  1. Attachments [3]
  2. Nerve Innervation
  3. Blood Supply

Answer 23

1. Scapular Spine, Clavicle and spiny processess C-T12
2. Spinal Accessory CN 11
3. Superficial Transverse Cervical Artery

Question 24

• Latissimus dorsi
  1. Attachments [4]
  2. Nerve Innervation
  3. Blood Supply

Answer 24

1. Humerus /Spine /POST illiac crest /Ribs 9-12
2. Thoracodorsal Nerve
3. Thoracodorsal Artery

Question 25

* *Serratus Anterior** 1. Attachments [2] 2. Nerve Innervation 3. Blood Supply

Answer 25

1. Ribs 1-9 and ANT scapula margin 2. Long Thoracic Nerve (AKA "armpit nerve") 3. Lateral Thoracic Artery

Question 26

A: What are the 4 main jobs of the Superficial Serratus Anterior? B: This muscle is also known as the ____ _____ C: Where is the Superficial Serratus Anterior located?

Answer 26

1- Pulls Scapula medial(toward spine) [along w/Rhombi] 2- Scapula External rotation 3-Lowers arm from raised position 4- Elevates Ribs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B: AKA "Boxer's Muscle" C: Lateral aspect of the Thoracic Cage

Question 27

Describe the 2 bony projections on the Scapula Bone

Answer 27

1. ACROMION = arises from Scapula Spine & articulates clavicle -->synovial joint. Sits Higher up than Coracoid 2. Coracoid Process=sits lower and has 3 distinct muscle groups that it attaches!

Question 28

____ ___ is thought to be an extension from Erector Spinae and is THiCKER than Splenius Capitis

Answer 28

SemiSpinalis capitis is an Extension of the Erector Spinae and is THiCKER than splenius capitis tht sits above it

Question 29

Greater Occipital Nerve-C2

Answer 29

medial branch of spinal dorsal ramus that does NOT innervate muscles but very involved with PAIN relay

Question 30

Describe the actual physical differences between Nerves and Artery

Answer 30

Nerves= LiNEar & has acute branchery arteries = sqquiigly/tortuous with 90º branches

Question 31

What 3 muscle groups does the Transverse Cervical Artery Perfuse?

Answer 31

1. Traps 2. BOTH Rhomboid 3. Levator Scapulae