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Fall '13-142 (Exam 1) > 9/4-Intro, History, etc. > Flashcards

9/4-Intro, History, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

What does DSM stand for?

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

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2
Q

True or false: According to the DSM-5 the disorder of Asperger’s no longer exists

A

True, it is now high functioning autism

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3
Q

True or false: Autism affects more boys than girls

A

True, boys are between 3-5 times more likely to have autism; however girls are more likely to have more cognitive problems

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4
Q

True or false: There is a cure for autism

A

False

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5
Q

True or false: the incidence of autism is on the rise

A

true, 1/88 children is diagnosed with autism

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6
Q

True or false: It is not possible for signs of autism to be showing at 6 months

A

False, these babies are often the “easy” babies

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7
Q

What % of ASD children are “Savants”?

A

approximately 10%

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8
Q

What is the criteria/gold standard to be diagnosed with autism according to the DSM-5?

A
  1. Deficits in social communication AND social interactions not accounted for by general developmental delays
  2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, OR activities

**to receive a diagnosis of ASD, all 3 symptoms in criteria 1 must be met, and 2 of the 4 symptoms must be met in criteria 2

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9
Q

Who was the first child psychologist?

A

Leo Kanner in 1943

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10
Q

What are Kanner’s URBAN MYTHS of ASD?

A

-higher rate of autism with higher SES-NOT TRUE!

-No associated medical conditions-NOT TRUE!
(20% of people who have autism develop seizures/epilepsy. 50% of children/ASD have intellectual disabilities)

  • Normal Intelligence-NOT TRUE!
  • Associated with schizophrenia-NOT TRUE!
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11
Q

When was the diagnosis of autism first published?

A

in the DSM-3 in 1980

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12
Q

Who was Hans Asperger (1944), what did he study, and what did he find?

A
  • physician from Vienna, 1944, studied 4 boys who had severe social challenges
  • Findings:
  • little professors
  • lack of empathy
  • limited friendships & interests
  • clumsy movements
  • good cognitive and language skills
  • poor communication skills
  • unusual interests that interfered with learning
  • Positive family history–>especially fathers had similar symptoms
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13
Q

What is Asperger’s current status?

A
  • now considered HFA (high functioning autism)
  • Words are these children’s lifeline
  • social deficits prevail
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14
Q

In 1980, what did Rutter & Jackson do?

A

they made a distinction between childhood schizophrenia and ASD (DSM-3)

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15
Q

What are the two major diagnostic classification systems?

A
  • DSM-5

- International classification of diseases (ICD)

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16
Q

What do the DSM & ICD have in common?

A
  • each use universal language and outline distinct characteristics of ASD
  • Used worldwide by many researchers and clinicians working with individuals with ASD
  • Classification & diagnosis of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders
17
Q

How is autism seen today, who contributes to it, what have they found, and what is the consensus?

A
  • contributions from neuropathology, neuroimaging, and neuropsychology
  • structural and functional brain differences in the limbic system, cerebellum, and brainstem
  • incredible range of developmental levels
  • CONSENSUS: neurodevelopmental disorder
18
Q

When was the DSM first published and by who?

A

in 1952, by the American Psychiatric association

19
Q

Who developed the ICD? How many revisions are there?

A

the World Health Organization (WHO)

10 revisions (most current coming out in 2014)

20
Q

What is autism?

A

a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects normal growth in: language, communication, social interaction, sensorimotor issues

21
Q

When are symptoms present?

A

very early in life, as early as 6 months

22
Q

For someone who is autistic, what deficits do they have in terms of language disabilities?

A
  • intellectual disability

- receptive and/or expressive language delays

23
Q

For someone who is autistic, what deficits do they have in terms of social communication?

A
  • anxiety
  • mood disorders
  • sleep disorders
24
Q

For someone who is autistic, what deficits do they have in terms of repetitive behaviors?

A
  • hyperactivity
  • inattention
  • self-injury
  • tantrums
  • aggressions
25
Q

For someone who is autistic, what deficits do they have in terms of medical symptoms?

A
  • seizures
  • gastrointestinal disorders
  • immune dysfunction
26
Q

What are some core deficits and impairments for ASD children in terms of social interaction?

A
  • nonverbal behaviors (eye gaze, facial expression, body language)
  • peer relationships
  • social & emotional reciprocity
  • seek opportunities to interact with others
27
Q

What are the results of having core deficits and impairments in social interaction?

A
  • less likely to orient to social stimuli
  • less likely to respond to social bids of others
  • less likely to initiate interactions with others
28
Q

What are some core deficits and impairments for children with ASD in terms of communication deficits?

A

May have deficits in:
-language development

  • initiating and maintaining conversations
  • stereotyped and repetitive use of language
29
Q

What are some results when children with ASD have core deficits in communication?

A
  • nonverbal
  • awkward language (speak in 3rd person)
  • echolalic speech
  • use scripts from cartoons or movies
30
Q

What are some restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interaction and activities that children with ASD do?

A
  • most obvious of behaviors (rocking, spinning, hand flapping, head banging, or other unusual movement patterns)
  • limited play skills
  • narrow interests
31
Q

What are the results of ASD have difficulties with restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interaction and activities?

A
  • may experience physical injury
  • play is repetition of videos and cartoons
  • lack of cooperative play
32
Q

What are some other related symptoms/impairments in terms of sensory motor skills?

A
  • unusual and extreme responses to touch, sound, smell, taste, feel–>hypersensitive to hypo sensitive
  • gross and fine motor skills–uncoordinated to coordinated
33
Q

What are some other related symptoms/impairments in terms of cognition?

A

intellectual ability ranges from low cognition to gifted

34
Q

What are some other related symptoms/impairments in terms of medical/mental health issues?

A
  • seizure disorder
  • genetic disorder
  • anxiety
  • obsessive compulsive disorder
  • ADHD
35
Q

In terms of data and statistics, what are the prevalence rates of ASD?

A
  • 1/88 children identified w/ ASD
  • occur in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups
  • 5 times more common in males (1/54)
36
Q

In terms of risk factors what have studies found with children who have ASD?

A
  • twin studies, if one is diagnosed w/ ASD, the other will be affected 36-95% of the time
  • occur more often in people who have genetic or chromosomal conditions
37
Q

What are causes of ASD?

A
  • genetics
  • multiple gene involvement
  • maternal antibodies
  • risk factors
  • environmental causes

Fall '13-142 (Exam 1) (7 decks)

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