#9

Question 1

Cell Battery Components

Answer 1

Ion Concentration Difference

Selective Permeability

Question 2

Charge Balance (Very Strong Rule)

Answer 2

[Negative Charge] = [Positive Charge] within any compartment
Inside or outside

Question 3

Mg2+

Answer 3

Counts as TWO charges!

Question 4

Osmotic Balance

Answer 4

Balance that exists across membranes
Between all particles, molecules, ions
[Particles]in = [Particles]out

Question 5

Disobeying Osmotic Balance

Answer 5

Possible because lipid membrane has some elasticity and can tolerate small changes in cell volume

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

Movement of particles from high concentration to area of low concentration

Question 7

Equilibrium

Answer 7

End product of diffusion, equal concentrations

Question 8

Battery (Vrest)

Answer 8

Created by the maintenance of the separation of charge separation that stores energy.
Ions can do work as they move down gradient

Question 9

Movement of One Ion (K Out)

Answer 9

Back and forth until Diffusion Force = Voltage Force

Defies charge balance, slightly

Question 10

Charge in Matter

Answer 10

Tiny amount of matter carries a huge amount of charge

Question 11

Nernst Equation Theory

Answer 11

Shows quantitatively the voltage at which an ion will be at equilibrium, (Eion)
At what voltage is the flux of the ion across the membrane at equilibrium

Question 12

Eion =

Answer 12

RT / zF ln ([ion]o/[ion]i)

Question 13

z =

Answer 13

Valence
K+/Na+ = +1
Cl- = -1
Ca2+/Mg2+ = 2+

Question 14

Voltage Clamp -85.1mV

Answer 14

There will be no net movement of K+

There will be flux of Na and Cl