9- Brainstem

Question 1

Functions of Brainstem

Answer 1

Relay- long tracts between spinal cord and cortex

Attachment for cranial nerve

Integrative functions
- CV, respiratory, visceral/motor, reticular formation

Question 2

Agnosia

Answer 2

Inability to recognize identify or some other property using a given sense

Question 3

Apraxia

Answer 3

Patient unable to perform actions

Muscles are fine

Can perform them in a different context

Question 4

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Answer 4

Lukopenia viral injection in utero destroys Purkinje cells

Cerebellum is constantly growing in utero (virus attacks these cells)

Results in decreased inhibition from cerebellum = can’t balance

Question 5

Chorea

Answer 5

Dance

Rapid movements of face, tongue, limbs

Question 6

Athetosis

Answer 6

Without position

Slow, writhing movement

Question 7

Ballimus

Answer 7

Jumping about

Wild, flailing movements of 1 limb

Question 8

Example of Hyperkinetic Disorder

Answer 8

Huntingtons

Question 9

Characteristics of Hypokinetic Disroders

Answer 9

Rigidity

Slow and reduced movements

Stooped posture

Resting tremor

i.e. PD

Question 10

Symptoms of PD

Answer 10

Bradykinesia

Hypertonia

Resting tremor

Akinesia (can’t initiate movement

Question 11

Cause of PD

Answer 11

Degeneration of DA neurons in Substantia nigra pars compacta

Question 12

Specific Input (Thalamus)

Answer 12

Info from a specific nucleus that may continue on to cerebral cortex

Question 13

Regulatory Input (Thalamus)

Answer 13

From PFC

Synapses onto entire thalamus

Helps determine if decision about whether info leaves a particular nucleus

Question 14

HYP- Autonomic Control

Answer 14

Anterior pituitary- parasympathetic

Posterior- sympathetic

Question 15

HYP - Temperature Regulation

Answer 15

Preoptic- has thermosensitive neurons, maintains core body temp

Posterior HYP- controls heat generating mechanisms

Question 16

HYP- Thirst

Answer 16

SON/PVN- have osmoreceptors, also monitors angiotensin level

Angiotension= stimualtes ADH release

Increased thirst

Question 17

HYP-Eating

Answer 17

Arcuate Nucleus- Integration point within HYP- sensitive to Glucose levels

Lateral nucleus- feeding centers

VMN- satiety center

Question 18

HYP- Rage/Fear

Answer 18

Lateral and VMN

Question 19

HYP- Sleep and Wake

Answer 19

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Circadian rhythms, sleep wake cycles

Question 20

HYP-Stress

Answer 20

HPA axis

PVN secretes CRH—-> ant pit

Anterior pit secretes ACTH, –> adrenal gland

Adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoid

Question 21

Superior Longitudinal Fasiculas

Answer 21

Connects Occipital and Frontal lobes

Question 22

Arcuate Fasciculus

Answer 22

Connect frontal and occipital lobe

Question 23

Uncinate Fasiculus

Answer 23

Connects frontal and temporal lobe

Question 24

Cingulum

Answer 24

Connects limbic system

Question 25

Inferior longitudinal Fasiculus

Answer 25

Connects temporal and occipital lobe