9. Electromagnetic radiation

Question 1

Define radiation:

Answer 1

-The transmission of energy through waves or particles
-Can be ionizing or nonionizing

Question 2

Define ionization:

Answer 2

e- travelling though the tube interacting with an e- in the tungsten and knocking it out of orbit creating a cascading affect

Question 3

What are the 4 major types of radiation?

Answer 3

1. Electromagnetic (EMR)
2. Particulate; when alpha, and beta radiation is produced (radioactive decay in nuclear radiation)
3. Acoustic; (ultrasound)
4. Gravitational

Question 4

Define electromagnetism:

Answer 4

Charges in motion create electromagnetic waves
(Energy travels as a sinusoidal wave)

Question 5

What is Wave-Particle Duality?

Answer 5

EMR acting as a wave and acts like a particle

Question 6

What is amplitude? What happens when it gets higher?

Answer 6

• Maximum field strength (how high and low the waves get)
• Higher amplitude = higher intensity

Question 7

Define wavelength:

Answer 7

• Distance between same points in wave

Question 8

What is reflection?

Answer 8

Bouncing off of an interface

Question 9

What is refraction?

Answer 9

Change in direction from change of speed

Question 10

What type of wave-like interaction do x-rays exhibit?

Answer 10

Diffraction

Question 11

What is diffraction?

Answer 11

Wave bends around sharp corners or borders and is not absorbed to create a pattern (slight change in direction)

x rays do this

Question 12

What are the two types of interference?

Answer 12

1. Constructive: (add together)
2. Destructive (cancel out-happens in 3-phase generators if we had them on the same circuit)

Question 13

Define wave theory:

Answer 13

Effect between electrical and magnetic fields are 90 degrees to each other

Question 14

How would you describe photons in terms of the quantum theory?

Answer 14

-Particle-like unit, but travels as a wave

Question 15

What is fluorescence

Answer 15

-Electrons moving from higher to lower energy in the valence shell and releases energy; happens when enough energy is released from electron that it CREATES a photon exciting atom

Question 16

What is electron excitation?

Answer 16

electrons in shell get energy to jump up to a higher E level

Question 17

What happens as you increase kVp in regards to dose and Energy

why?

Answer 17

-As you increase kVp, you increase dose because you are making more low energy photons. The higher E kVp are more penetrating and don’t contribute most to dose.

Question 18

What is the majority of the x ray beam made of?

high or low energy?

Answer 18

Low energy photons

Question 19

When you pick a kVp, what is the average energy of the photons?

Answer 19

1/3 to 1/2 of what you chose

Question 20

What is the max energy of a photon determined by?

with Bremms radiation

Answer 20

kVp

Question 21

What type of energy tends to have more wave-like properties?

Answer 21

Lower energy EMR

Question 22

What type of energy tends to have more particle properties?

high or low?

Answer 22

Higher energy EMR

Question 23

Define quantum

Answer 23

The smallest unit of something

Question 24

What speed does EMR travel at in a vaccum?

Answer 24

EMR travels at the speed of light in a vaccum regardless of the energy

Question 25

What types of wave-like charectoristics does EMR have?

Answer 25

1. Reflection
2. Refraction
3. Diffraction
4. Interfereance

Question 26

What types of particle-like charectoristics does EMR have?

Answer 26

1. Ionization
2. Excitaiton
3. Florecence