9. Functional Organisation Of The NS

Question 1

What is the role of the sympathetic NS?

What is the role of the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 1

Prepare the body for fight or flight

Prepare the body for rest and digest

Question 2

Where is Broca’s area located?

What is its function?

Answer 2

Left hemisphere, lateral side of the frontal lobe, just above temporal lobe
Production of speech

Question 3

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

What is its function?

Answer 3

Spans the parietal and temporal lobes.

Understand speech

Question 4

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 4

Problem solving, complex planning

Personality, executive function

Question 5

What is the main function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 5

Processing of sensory info. Contains primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

Question 6

What is responsible for the integration of sensory info?

What else does it do?

Answer 6

Posterior parietal cortex. Also spatial perception and attention, and cognitive functions

Question 7

Why is the primary visual cortex also known as the striate cortex?

Answer 7

Has 6 myelinated/unmyelinated layers giving a striped appearance

Question 8

What are two important roles of the temporal lobe?

Answer 8

Long term memory formation

Visual perception and recognition

Question 9

What is Brodmann’s cytoarchitectural map?

Answer 9

A map showing each region of the cortex and its function. Highlights the complexity and range of functions

Question 10

How many cranial nerves are there?

What do they innervate?

Answer 10

12 pairs arising from the base of the brain

Innervate the head, including special sense organs such as optic nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 11

Which is the only cranial nerve which leaves the head?

Answer 11

The vagus nerve, innervates upper body

Question 12

What is a dermatome?

Which nerve is the only one without a dermatome?

Answer 12

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.

C1 does not have a dermatome

Question 13

What is housed in the dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 13

The cell body of the afferent sensory fibre

Question 14

What does the muscle spindle detect in the knee jerk reflex?

Answer 14

The stretch of the muscle caused by tapping the patellar tendon

Question 15

Where is the alpha motor neuron found?

Answer 15

The motor neurone in the knee jerk reflex

Question 16

What is reciprocal innervation?

Where is this common?

Answer 16

Polysynaptic arc, when the effector muscle contracts, the antagonistic muscle relaxes.
Found in reflex arcs

Question 17

How does the flexion withdrawal reflex use reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 17

One motor neuron synapses with an excitatory interneuron, causing contraction of that effector. The other motor neuron synapses with an inhibitory interneuron, causing the relaxation of that effector.

Question 18

What are the differences between a closed and open loop reflex arc?

Answer 18

Closed loop plays a role in controlling physiological variables. Use a feedback system to act on stimulus.
Open loop is a protective reflex, the feedback from the stimulus has no effect on the stimulus (external stimulus).

Question 19

What is the crossed extensor reflex?

Answer 19

When the other side of the body must act to assist during the reflex. The sensory info crosses spinal cord via interneurons to innervate the other side of the body.

Question 20

What do visceral efferent nerves innervate?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 21

What is the structure of the somatic ANS neurone?

What is the structure of the autonomic ANS neurone?

Answer 21

Somatic has one efferent neuron from CNS -> skeletal muscle. Use ACh
Autonomic has two neuron chain which synapse in an autonomic ganglion. Use ACh or NE