9- Individual Differences

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Hypothesized general factor underlying ability to adapt to the environment, often operationalized in terms of traditional IQ tests emphasizing skills valued in academic contexts

Question 2

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Motivation that leads to internally rewarding consequence

Question 3

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Motivation in which there is anticipation of a reward (material or non-material) from outside the self

Question 4

Orientation

Answer 4

Overall aim, purpose, direction , goal or language learning

Question 5

Integrative orientation

Answer 5

A desire to know more about and identify with the TL community

Question 6

Instrumental orientation

Answer 6

When instrumental primarily motivate the language study

Question 7

Field independence (FI)

Answer 7

Type of cognitive style
Learners perceive a part distinct from its background, in a perceptual sense

Question 8

Field dependence (FD)

Answer 8

Type of cognitive style
Learners tend to perceive a field as a whole ( holistic perception )

Question 9

Self-regulation

Answer 9

Degree to which a person participates in own learning

Question 10

Differences in extroverted and introverted with stimuli

Answer 10

Extroverted seek out stimuli while introverted don’t.