9: Prepositions and Vav Conjunction Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the two kinds of prepositions?
- Independent
- Inseparable
What are the Independent prepositions?
- Independent words, like english prepositions
- The prepositions עַל and אֶל are almost always written with a marqueef (עַל־)
What are Inseparable prepositions?
- Words that are joined to the word they govern (as a prefix)
What are the three Inseparable prepositions?
- There are three inseparable prepositions:
- בְּ = in, at, with
- כְּ = like, as, according to
- לְ = to, for
What is the first characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- Its regular vowel is a sheva
What is the second characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- If a word begins with a sheva, the vowel will be chireq
What is the third characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- If a word begins with chatef-patach, chatef-segol or chatef-qamets, the vowel will be the corresponding short vowel.
What is the fourth characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- Sometimes, if a word begins with chatef-segol under an א, the vowel under the א will drop and the vowel under the preposition will be tsere.
What is the fifth characteristic of the Inseparable prepositions?
- When an inseparable preposition is added to a definite noun, the ה of the definite article is replaced by the consonantal element of the preposition.
What if I want to combine inseparable prepositions with the definite article?
- Substitute the Hey of the definite article with the desired inseparable preposition
- Leave the other two elements of the definite article.
- patach
- strong dagesh
What if I want to combine the definite article with an inseparable preposition but the next word begins with a guttural?
- you follow the same procedure of the definite article with gutturals but substitute the Hey with the desired preposition
What are two characteristics of the preposition מִן?
- It is independent with definite nouns.
- Joined with a maqqef (־)
- מִן־הָזֶבַח “from the sacrifice”
- It is inseparable with indefinite nouns.
What are the characteristics of מִן when it is inseparable?
- The נ is assimilated to the following consonant, this is indicated by the strong dagesh
- מִןזֶבַח > מִזזֶבַח > מִזֶּבַח “from a sacrifice”
- Before indefinite nouns that begin with gutturals or resh, the נ is dropped and not indicated by strong dagesh
- The expected chireq is lengthened to tsere to compensate for not doubling the following consonant.
- מֵאָב = “from a father”
Summary of מִן preposition
- מִן־ (with definite nouns)
- ּ מִן (with indefinite nouns)
- מֵ (with indefinite + guttural nouns)
What are the two kinds of conjunctions in Hebrew?
- Coordinating (vav ו)
- Subordinating
What is the first characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- The vav conjunction is inseparable and usually written with a sheva.
- וְלֵב = and a heart
What is the second characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- Before a word beginning with מ , ב or פ, the form is וּ
- mnemonic BUMP
- וּבַיִת = and a house
- This will also happen in words beginning with vocal shevas
What is the third characteristic of the vav conjunction?
- Before a word beginning with chatef-patach, chatef-segol, or chatef-qamets, the vowel is the corresponding short vowel.
How can the vav conjunction be used?
- Vav can be used to join two subjects.
- הָלְכוּ שָׁאִישׁ וְהָאִשָּׁה = The man and the woman walked.
- Vav can be used to join two direct objects.
- שָׁלַח אֶת־הַנָּבִיא וְאֶת־הסכֹּהֵן = He sent the prophet and the priest
- Vav can be used to join verbs.
גָּדוֹל
large, great
חַי
alive, living
חָכָם
wise, skillfull
טָהוֹר
clean, pure
טוֹב
good, pleasing
