9 questions Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the first and most important source of information about our culture for most people?
Where else do Canadians learn about our culture?
Our family. School.
Where were residential schools located? What was the required age for attendees of residential
schools?
Everywhere but Newfoundland, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Under 16 until the
age of 18.
What years did residential schools exist in Canada? How many were there?
1884 to 1996. There were 130.
Describe how the residential school life was for students.
Forced to stay in residences located on school grounds
* Forcibly removed from their homes
* Did not have contact with parents for up to 10 months at a time
* Not allowed to speak First Nations languages or Inuktitut in the schools
* Siblings were placed on different floors to ensure they did not speak their own languages
* Not allowed to play games with one another that they learned at home. They were
severely punished if they broke this rule
What happened to parents whose children did not attend residential schools?
They were given fines or sent to jail.
What did Matthew Coon Come feel was the goal of residential schools?
To take the Indian out of the Indian.
What kinds of treatments were students subjected to in residential schools?
They were separated from their communities
* They were separated from their families
* They were prohibited from speaking their Aboriginal languages
* They were exposed to negative views about Aboriginal cultures
* They lived in harsh conditions
* They were abused both physically and sexually
What effects did this treatment have on the students?
They suffered from poor self esteem
* They had a lack of positive role models
* They had a loss of parenting skills
* They did not know their own languages
* They suffered a loss of their culture and heritage
* They were separated from their community and family
* They felt unloved and uncared for
What do you think could contribute to the higher than normal suicide rates of First Nations
peoples shown in the graph on page 185?
The effects of the treatment they suffered at the hands of those running the residential schools.
How did the Canadian government respond to the legacy of residential schools in 1998? In
2001? In 2005?
In 1998, the Canadian government apologized to former students of residential schools and established an Aboriginal Healing Foundation. In 2001, a department was established to settle lawsuits. In 2005, an agreement was reached.
What started the Oka crisis in March, 1990? When and how did it end?
Mohawk First Nation protested golf course construction near Oka, Quebec, without consultation. In 1990, military forces intervened, negotiating settlements and completing Kanesatake.
What occurred in the aftermath of the Oka crisis?
The golf course expansion was cancelled
* The International Federation of Human Rights criticized the methods used by the Surete
du Quebec and the Canadian Forces
* Amnesty International condemned Canada for its alleged abuse of Mohawk who were
arrested. Canada was added to the list of human rights violators
* Some argue that the standoff marked a turning point in the treatment of Aboriginal land
claims. Sympathy for the Aboriginals increased
* In June of 1991 the government put into force the First Nations Policing Policy in an
attempt to promote safe and secure communities for First Nations peoples
* The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was established one year after Oka to look
at the concerns of Aboriginal people in Canada
* Other violent protests took place at Ipperwash, Ontario (1995), Burnt Church, New
Brunswick (2000) and Caledonia, Ontario (2006)
What does the Zapatista Movement offer to those who want to embark upon it?
You pay for the experience of helping farmers pick crops in the hot sun and then sleeping in a rough bunkhouse. It is about $560 Canadian.
Describe how the Mayan people were marginalized by the conquest of the Spanish.
Spanish Conquistadors occupied lowland areas, leaving Mayan farmers to grow subsistence crops in highland regions, leading to centuries of poverty and neglect by the government.
What effect did the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have on Indigenous
people of Mexico?
It repealed Article 17 of the Mexican Constitution, which granted Indigenous peoples the right to communal ownership of the lands they lived on for generations. This meant they no longer owned the land they lived on.
How did the Zapatistas react to the enforcement of NAFTA? What were their arguments?
They declared war on the Mexican government and took over five towns in the Chiapas region.
They sent out a statement explaining that NAFTA would be a summary execution of the Chiapas
people.
They felt they could not secure their language and their economic and political systems, as well
as how they relate to each other. They had a slogan, Ya Basta (Enough!)
What effects did the change in tactics have on the Zapatistan communities?
International delegations and Mexican government support for Chiapas communities, including health clinics, schools, roads, food distribution, and 5000 hectares of land and loans for farm equipment.
