AP02 - Larynx

Question 1

How many cartilages is the larynx made of?

Answer 1

9

Question 2

what are the 3 large pieces of cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 2

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis

Question 3

What cartilage forms the adam’s apple?

What structure does the Adam’s apple form?

Answer 3

thyroid cartilage

the superior thyroid notch

Question 4

What object does the cricoid cartilage look ilke?

Answer 4

signet ring

Question 5

Where does the epiglottis lie?

Answer 5

behind the thyroid cartilage, over the cricoid cartilage

Question 6

What 3 other cartilage structures are associated with the epiglottis?

Answer 6

cuneiform
corniculate
arytenoid

Question 7

What are the 2 joints associated with the larynx?

Answer 7

cricothyroid joints

crico-arytenoid joints

Question 8

What type of epithelia line the vocal cords?

Answer 8

stratified squamous non-keratinized mucosa

Question 9

What is the function of the vestibular folds?

Answer 9

to protect the ‘true’ vocal chords

Question 10

What is the position of the arytenoid cartilages and the rima glottis in quiet respiration?

Answer 10

arytenoid cartilages abducted

rima glottis triangular

Question 11

What is the position of the arytenoid cartilages and the rima glottis?

Answer 11

arytenoid cartilages adducted

epiglottis rhomboid shaped

Question 12

How does phonation work?

Answer 12

air is forced through the rima glottis, making sound

Question 13

What are the 7 muscles associate with the larynx?

Answer 13

cricothyroid
posterior-cricoarytenoid
lateral crico-arytenoid
transverse arytenoid
oblique arytenoid
thyro-arytenoid
vocalis

Question 14

What is the function of cricothyroid?

Answer 14

rotates thyroid forward and down at cricothyroid joint

Question 15

What is the function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle?

Answer 15

abduction and external rotation of arytenoid cartilage (primary openers of the rima glottis)

Question 16

What is the function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle?

Answer 16

internal rotation of arytenoid cartilage

adduction of vocal folds

Question 17

What is the function of the transverse arytenoid muscle?

Answer 17

adduction of the arytenoid cartilages

Question 18

What is the function of the oblique arytenoid muscle?

Answer 18

sphincter of laryngeal inlet

Question 19

What is the function of the thyro-arytenoid muscle?

Answer 19

sphincter of vestibulae and layngeal inlet

Question 20

What is the function of Vocalis?

Answer 20

adjusts tension in vocal folds

Question 21

What blood vessel supply and drain the larynx?

Answer 21

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries of the superior and inferior branches of the exterior carotid artery respectively

corresponding veins

Question 22

What is the general function of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 22

moving the whole larynx

moving individual parts of the larynx

Question 23

in swallowing, what structure closes the nasal cavity?

Answer 23

the soft palate

Question 24

What happens when food hits the pharynx?

Answer 24

constrictors push the fooooooooood down to the oesophagus

Question 25

Which muscles move the hyoid and the larynx in swallowing?

Answer 25

strap muscles (extrinsic)
(supra and inferior hyoid muscles and strap constrictors)

this allows food to roll over the epiglottis