19 respiratory infections Flashcards
What are the presentations of Acute Bronchitis?
previously well
cough may have sputum
usually viral
may be complicated by a seondary bacterial infection
What are the presentations of recurrent bronchitis
sputum cough
no features of chronic bronchitis
more likely bacterial
What would you want to investigate in recurrent bronchitis?
an underlying sinus infection, post nasal drip, and bronchiectasis
What are the features of typical community - aquired pneumonia?
pre-existing disease abrupt onset purulent sputum pleuritic pain systemic upset
What is purulent sputum?
sputum with pus (white blood cells)
What might someone with typical community aquired pneumonia respond to?
beta - lactams (antibiotics)
What are the features of atypical community aquired pneumonia?
previously well
insidious onset
dry cough, SOB, wheeze
NO RESPONSE TO BETA-LACTAMS
What 3 pathogens are atypical infections?
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia Psittaci
What CAP pathogen is more present in winter?
Mycoplasma (causes epidmics)
What time of year is Legionella present?
October / september
how would you manage non-severe CAP?
amoxycillin + macrolide
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
How might you treat severe CAP?
IV co-amoxiclav, macrolide, cerfuroxime, benzylpenicillin, levofloxacin, combinations of these
What factors dictate the severity of CAP?
CURB65 confusion respiratory rate Bp 65 or older
score greater than or equal to 4 - intensive care
What is empyema?
collection of pus in the lungs
how might you manage empyema?
antibiotics (penicillins, metronidazole)
drainage
surgery
