Immune System

Question 1

First line of defense

Answer 1

Nonspecific - Skin, Cilia, Epiglottis; Stomach Acid, Mucus; Coughing, Sneezing

Question 2

Second line of defense

Answer 2

Inflammatory Response (red, hot and swollen): phagocytes: eating cell
Fever: germs are more affected by a slight change in temperature than we are

Question 3

Third line of defense

Answer 3

B & T lymphocytes/cells

Question 4

Active Immunity

Answer 4

Memory cells are made because bacteria/virus invaded body (either through vaccines or infection)

Question 5

Passive Immunity

Answer 5

Immunity is received hereditarily

Question 6

What is the main function of the immune system? Why do we have one? What does it do?

Answer 6

To protect our bodies from pathogens/antigens/bacteria/viruses.

Question 7

List the two major kinds of cells involved in specific immunity

Answer 7

Active and Passive Immunity

Question 8

When cells are injured they release histamine. This chemical brins about the inflammatory response. What are the three symptoms of the inflammatory response

Answer 8

Red, hot, swollen

Question 9

What is the body’s response to a systemic infection? What are the benefits of fever? What are the dangers a really high fever?

Answer 9

Fever and higher production of white blood cells. Fevers stimulate phagocytosis and inhibit the growth of microbes. High fevers can destroy cells and proteins in the body

Question 10

What is an antigen?

Answer 10

foreign molecule

Question 11

What is an antibody?

Answer 11

defensive protein produced upon exposure to a specific antigen

Question 12

How does an antibody recognize an antigen?

Answer 12

it’s epitope and then it creates memory cells that will live and remember it incase it comes back again

Question 13

How and why does the first response to a specific antigen differ from the second?

Answer 13

the first response is slow because the antibodies are being made, but the second exposure is faster because your body has the memory to make the antibodies again so it does not have to “reinvent the wheel”

Question 14

Explain how a vaccine works

Answer 14

Vaccines are dead or weakened microbes that trigger a primary immune response, so memory cells are made so that if you are infected with the bacteria/virus you will know how to make the antibodies already

Question 15

Describe what happens when you get a systemic infection

Answer 15

Fever

Question 16

What is out most important initial line of defense against being invaded by bacteria and viruses?

Answer 16

Skin

Question 17

Why is the development of a specific immunity to a bacteria or virus such an important part of out overall defensive system?

Answer 17

We can’t be infected by the same bacteria/virus twice

Question 18

Can you speculate why an understanding of the “lock and key mechanism” is important for understanding how the cells of the immune system work to protect your body from foreign invaders?

Answer 18

Antibodies are like locks and antigens are like keys because the antibodes are made specific to fit the antigen

Question 19

What is the relationship between disease and upsetting homeostasis?

Answer 19

Disease creates a different internal environment for the body so homeostasis is thrown off because it needs to adjust to the new internal environment that it was supposed to be regulating

Question 20

Innate Immunity

Answer 20

nonspecific defenses against any microorganism, born with it (ex: skin, mucus membranes, stomach acid; phagocytes, inflammatory response)

Question 21

acquired immunity

Answer 21

defenses against a specific microorganism, developed after exposure to the microorganism (ex: antibodies, B & T cells)

Question 22

epitope

Answer 22

the part of the antigen that is recognized by an antibody

Question 23

B cell

Answer 23

white blood cells that make antibodies, made from bone marrow, in the lymph node, learns the shape of pathogens, created antibodies and memory cells

Question 24

vaccine

Answer 24

dead or weakened microbes that trigger a primary immune response

Question 25

Phagocytes

Answer 25

Engulf bacteria/viruses, attach them to lysozyme enzymes and release the new product (that isn’t harmful)

Question 26

T cell

Answer 26

made in the lymph nodes, warn B cells of pathogen intrusion

Question 27

Pathogen

Answer 27

Disease-causing agent