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CTEL > Ch8 > Flashcards

Ch8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pervasive influence that permeates every aspect of schooling?

A

Culture

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2
Q

When this book was written, what proportion of EL’s were elementary age or younger?

A

2/3

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3
Q

Identify the 3 metaphors used to describe the US.

A

Melting Pot: Pressured newcomers to assimilate
Salad Bowl: Each ingredient maintains its unique flavor and texture
Kaleidoscope: Culture, language and race recombine ceaselessly, yet are bound together by common ideals

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4
Q

What was the recourse early in the history of the US for those that did not assimilate

A

Become an outsider

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5
Q

What is true about the contributions of minorities and what value of the Native Americans is becoming more important to the US?

A
  • Often under the surface

- A deep and abiding respect for nature

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6
Q

In what ways did Native American culture exceed that of European culture? (4)

A
  • Built pyramids before the Egyptians
  • Domesticated corn from wild grass
  • Performed complicated surgeries
  • Worked with platinum
  • Vulcanized rubber
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7
Q

What is true about the (1) irrigation systems and (2) food grown by Native Americans

A
  • Advanced

- Ended up providing 60% of Europe’s diet

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8
Q

What were two of the political systems used by Native Americans?

A
  • Indian Pueblo religious theocracies

- Democratic councils of the Iroquois and Algonquin that were admired by Franklin and Jefferson

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9
Q

How many patents did African Americans have prior to 1900 despite barring slaves from having patents?

A

Over 1000

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10
Q

What genre of music did African American “invent”

A

Jazz

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11
Q

What did George Washington Carver revoutionize?

A

Agronomy

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12
Q

Where did the expression, “The Real McCoy” come from?

A

Elijah McCoy’s “graphite lubricator”

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13
Q

Who set the foundations for agriculture, mining and cattle?

A

Hispanics / Latinos

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14
Q

What city contains more Puerto Ricans than PR?

A

New York

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15
Q

Hispanics / Latinos value __ and __ in the immediate family

A

interdependence and cooperation

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16
Q

What two things were the political impetus for bilingual education?

A
  • The culmination of Cuban immigrants

- “Chicano Power” movement

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17
Q

Bilingual education contributed to the preservation of what two “small incidence” languages?

A
  • Native Americans

- Micronesia

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18
Q

Who was Galveston TX names after and why

A

Bernardo de Galvez for his help during the revolutionary war

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19
Q

What are 7 areas of significant Asian contribution to the US?

A
  • Martial Arts
  • cuisine
  • spiritual philosopher
  • fireworks
  • acupuncture
  • decor
  • gardening
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20
Q

What was Lue Gim Gong, Chinese-American Horticulturist contribution?

A

Frost free orange trees so FL could compete with CA

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21
Q

What was Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American Physicist contribution?

A

First Lady of Physics for contributions to Nuclear Physics

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22
Q

From 1995-2005 what percent of Silicon Valley engineering and technology companies were founded by immigrants

A

52.4%, largely from Asia

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23
Q

What may teachers need to fight in terms of perception of Arabs?

A

Terrorism or Anti-Americanism

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24
Q

What percent of slaves were estimated to be Muslim?

A

20%

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25
Q

What has been difficult to overcome for Asian immigrants?

A

Perceived Linguistic barrier

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26
Q

What did the Chinese face in 1882 and 1924?

A

Exclusion Acts

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27
Q

What happened to the Japanese Americans during WWII.

A

Stripped of property and sent to detention centers

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28
Q

What is true about Arabs?

A

Most have assimilated and 80% are citizens

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29
Q

What comedian/philanthropist, Erin Brockovich’s lawyer and literary giant are Arab?

A
  • Danny Thomas
  • Edward Masry
  • Kahili Gibran
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30
Q

In what ways were minorities exploited? (3)

A

Labor, arts, votes

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31
Q

What is true of how blacks (and some other immigrants) exploited after slavery?

A

As indentured servants

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32
Q

How were the original hispanic settlers exploited?

A

Laws were written in English legally manipulating many out of land and water rights

33
Q

What is true about the underclass of immigrants in how they are exploited?

A
  • Underpaid

- Under educated

34
Q

What is expected to be true about US population by 2050?

A

Half will be African, Hispanic or Asian American

35
Q

What is the approximate poverty level of white, Asian, Hispanic and African Americans?

A

10%, 10%, 20%, 25%

36
Q

Where is Americas poverty rate in the industrialized world?

A

2nd highest

37
Q

How is income linked to poorer education and food security?

A
  • Lower income/Income inequality –> poorer education

- They are food-insecure

38
Q

What is true about minorities in compensatory programs? What group is overrepresented in emotional disturbance, intellectual disability and learning disability and much more likely to be LD than gifted?

A
  • Over represented

- Blacks

39
Q

What is true about the schools of most minorities? (4)

A
  • Fewer resources
  • Racially isolated
  • Segregated
  • More students qualify for free lunch
40
Q

What does Garcia say about the struggle for cognitive justice and the “narrow technological paradigm?

A

It only recognizes intelligence based on a test score

41
Q

What is true of hispanic students’ trend in the SAT

A

It is rising

42
Q

What is true about the nature of immigration over time?

A

It changed drastically

43
Q

What are some causes for Immigration? (4)

A
  • Economic
  • Political
  • Religious
  • Family Unification
44
Q

What did the states of NC, SC, GA, TN, AR, NE and NV all experience for the first time?

A

Booming immigration from Latin America with many undocumented

45
Q

Who were part of Exclusion Acts including one in 1882

A

Chinese

46
Q

What two countries had their immigration affected by the Depression?

A

Philippines: Restricted
Mexicans: Repatriated

47
Q

What did the Bacero Program address after WWII?

A

A labor shortage that allowed Mexicans to work in the US

48
Q

What is true in Mexico due to NAFTA?

A

Manufacturing wages dropped and Mexican farms were challenged by US imports causing increased poverty in rural areas

49
Q

What minority groups came to the US due to the Vietnam War?

A

and Cambodians

50
Q

Who and what drove the influx of immigrants in the 1980’s

A

Central American civil wars (El Salvador)

51
Q

What drove Haitians to the US?

A

Political persecution

52
Q

What is true about educational attainment for immigrants?

A

Somewhat lower

53
Q

Who does research show to be a potential resource when education immigrants?

A

Other immigrants

54
Q

What will engaging fully in educational practices prepare immigrants for?

A

Citizenship and workers

55
Q

Why do some immigrants resist telling their story?

A

It positions them as outsiders

56
Q

What 3 things fueled westward migration?

A

Crowding, economic freedom and the gold rush

57
Q

What is true of many immigrants sponsored by special interest groups?

A

They move to better climates

58
Q

What are the two gateway cities for immigration? What group moved north after WW I?

A
  • NY and LA

- African Americans

59
Q

What has caused an interest in educating EL’s in “the heartland”?

A

The migration of hispanics from predominantly urban areas

60
Q

What does the Migrant Education Program (MEP) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act provide funds for?

A

Educational and supportive services to the children of migrant workers and fishers

61
Q

What drives the flow of Immigration Laws and Policy?

A

The need for workers

62
Q

What group was targeted for limiting immigration from the late 1800’s to mid-1900’s?

A

Asians

63
Q

What immigrants arrived from 1600-1865?

A
  • Slaves

- Poor EU (Irish Catholics) as laborers

64
Q

What immigrants arrived from 1865-1920? (Industrial Capitalism)

A
  • EU based on treaties and intervention in EU wars
65
Q

What immigrant group was favored during Industrial Capitalism (1865-1920)?

A

EU

66
Q

What did the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965 abolish and establish?

A
  • National origin quotas

- A 7-category preference for VISAs emphasizing family ties and occupations

67
Q

Which countries were “oversubscribed” by the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965?

A

MX, Philippines, India, China

68
Q

What did the Diversity Immigrant VISA program of the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965 create?

A

For non-principally sourced countries, it allowed up to 50,000 immigrants with no country having more than 7%

69
Q

What did the Cubans have due to an act in 1966

A

Special immigration status

70
Q

In 1980 what did The Refugee Act accomplish and what groups immigrated most?

A
  • Expanded immigration for persons considered refugees

- Asia and Latin America

71
Q

What happened to Cuban immigration status in 1995?

A
  • Brought more into line with other countries

- Some still find it inequitable

72
Q

What is true about the undocumented population in the US at a given time?

A

It ebbs and flows based on the economy

73
Q

What was done in 1986 for undocumented children

A

It was mandated that they were entitled to a public education

74
Q

What was the general purpose of the Emergency Immigrant Education Program ((EIEP) of NCLB and 2 specific goals?

A
  • Provide assistance to school districts whose enrollment was affected by immigrants so they can provide a high-quality education
    1) Help transition into US society
    2) Meet the same challenging content as all students
75
Q

What is the DREAM Act and what is true about it?

A
  • Development, Relief, and Education of Alien Minors

- It never passed

76
Q

What did the DREAM Act attempt to provide?

A

A path for undocumented students to obtain legal status

77
Q

What was the offer and what 4 conditions were required as qualification for The Dream Act?

A
  • A 6 yr’s conditional residency
    1) Entered before 16
    2) Present for 5 years prior to the ACT
    3) Demonstrated good moral character
    4) HS Diploma
78
Q

What did DACA, passed in 2012 do?

A

It deferred deportation to students that qualified

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