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Revision > History Section 3 > Flashcards

History Section 3 Flashcards

0
Q

When was the Mukden incident?

A

September 18th 1931

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1
Q

What does it mean by ‘when America sneezes the rest of the world catches a cold’?

A

Whatever happened to America had a ripple effect on the rest of the world and its economies, as Americas economy was such a large part of the worlds economy.

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2
Q

What was Japan’s main raw material?

A

Silk

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3
Q

Give 3 things Japan needed

A

Raw materials, market for goods, living space.

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4
Q

What happened in Manchuria February 1932?

A

Japanese took over, renamed it Manchukuo and put the Chinese emperor Pu Yi in control.

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5
Q

What link did Japan have to Manchuria?

A

Since 1904 it held the right to build a railway line through the Chinese province of Manchuria

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6
Q

What was the leagues reaction to the Manchurian crisis?

A

They set up a commission of enquiry under Lord Lytton, and asked Japan to withdraw their troops. The commission said that Japan had acted unlawfully and that its should return Manchuria to China.

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7
Q

What was Japan’s actions after the Lytton commission?

A

They ignored it and left the league.

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8
Q

When did Japan invade Jehol?

A

1933

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9
Q

When did Japan invade china?

A

1937

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10
Q

Why did Mussolini want to invade Abyssinia?

A

He wanted to build an Italian empire in Africa.

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11
Q

What was Mussolini’s excuse to invade?

A

30 Italian soldiers were killed in a border clash with Abyssinian troops in December 1934

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12
Q

What agreement did Britain, France and Italy sign in April 1935 and what did they agree to do.

A

The Stresa Front, agreeing to stand united against Germany.

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13
Q

When did Italian forces invade Abyssinia?

A

October 1935

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14
Q

Who was Haile Selassie?

A

The Abyssinian emperor

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15
Q

What were the economic sanctions imposed onto Italy?

A

No weapons were to be sold to Italy, no rubber or iron.

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16
Q

Why didn’t Britain and France close the Suez Canal?

A

They didn’t want to provoke a war with Mussolini or drive him into an alliance with Hitler.

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17
Q

What did the Hoare-Laval pact agree to?

A

To give Mussolini 2/3 of Abyssinia if he agreed to stop fighting.

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18
Q

What was the capital of Abyssinia?

A

Addis Ababa

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19
Q

What agreement was signed in October 1936?

A

The Rome-Berlin Axis between Italy and Germany agreeing to work closer together.

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20
Q

What happened on May 7 1919?

A

Germany was presented with a harsh peace treaty

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21
Q

What is a diktat?

A

A dictated peace, no negotiation.

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22
Q

What were the terms of the treaty?

A

Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war, it had to pay reparations to the allies-£6,600 million- lose a huge amount of territory, give its colonies to neighbouring countries,it was no longer allowed an airforce, restrictions were placed on army and navy and no troops were allowed in Rhineland.

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23
Q

When did Germany sign the treaty?

A

June 28 1919

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24
Q

What did extremist opponents of the government claim?

A

That the treaty had ‘stabbed Germany in the back’

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25
Q

Which party was Hitler the leader of?

A

The National Socialist German Workers Party/Nazi Party

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26
Q

What did Hitler intend to do if he came to power as told in Mein Kampf?

A

Tear up Treaty of Versailles, expand Germany, destroy communism

27
Q

What conference was held in 1933?

A

The World Disarmament Conference

28
Q

What did Hitler announce in 1935?

A

He had build a Luftwaffe

29
Q

What happened to the Saar?

A

In 1919 it was placed under control of the League of Nations for 15 years. After this time a plebiscite was held showing that around 90% of the population wanted to return to german rule. Hitler claimed the vote showed how popular he was.

30
Q

When did the Rhineland remilitarise?

A

1936

31
Q

What were Hitlers 4 actions when he came to power in 1933?

A

Rearmament, join the Saar with Germany, Remilitarise the Rhineland, make allies.

32
Q

When did hitler march his troops into the Rhineland?

A

March 7 1936

33
Q

What was Britain and France’s reaction to hitler marching into the Rhineland?

A

They took no action because they didn’t want to go to war to stop something that didn’t really worry them.

34
Q

What pact did Germany and Japan sign and when?

A

They signed the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1936, working together to oppose communism.

35
Q

Who joined the anti-Comintern pact in 1937?

A

Italy

36
Q

What happened in 1939? (Think alliances)

A

Germany and Italy turned the Rome-Berlin axis into a formal military alliance called the pact of friendship and alliance.

37
Q

Which alliance did Japan join in 1940?

A

The pact of steel.

38
Q

What did the countries in the pact of steel refer to themselves as?

A

Axis powers

39
Q

What other countries became axis powers in WW2?

A

Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

40
Q

What is appeasement?

A

Conceding to reasonable demands in order to avoid war.

41
Q

Who became British prime minister in 1937?

A

Neville Chamberlain

42
Q

What was hitlers opinion of appeasement?

A

He thought it was a policy of weakness that proved to him that Britain and France wouldn’t stop him expanding his territories.

43
Q

What was Anschluss?

A

The union of Austria and Germany

44
Q

What was a Grossdeutschland?

A

All German speaking people united in a greater Germany.

45
Q

Who was the Austrian chancellor?

A

Schuschnigg

46
Q

Explain what happened to the leading nazis in government

A

They were appointed by schuschnigg hoping that it would prevent German interference in Austrian politics. In 1938 Austrian police discovered that the nazis were planning to overthrow the government.

47
Q

What happened when schuschnigg announced he would hold a plebiscite?

A

The plebiscite would ask the Austrian people if they wished to join with Germany. Hitler worried the vote would go against the Anschluss so demanded that schuschnigg resign and be replaced by Seyss-Inquart. If this didn’t happen then Germany would invade. Schuschnigg resigned on march11, but the next morning German troops invaded Austria.

48
Q

When did schuschnigg hold the plebiscite?

A

April 10 1938

49
Q

What did schuschniggs plebiscite say?

A

99.75% of Austrians wanted to join with Germany.

50
Q

Why were the plebiscite results odd?

A

Because the plebiscite was held after the nazis invaded, so people were voting under the watchful eye of the nazis.

51
Q

Why didn’t Britain go to war with Germany when they invaded Austria?

A

They thought the treaty of Versailles was too harsh when it said Germany couldn’t unite with Austria, they weren’t prepared to go to war to enforce a clause in the treaty that it didn’t agree with.

52
Q

After Austria, who was hitlers next target?

A

Czechoslovakia

53
Q

Other than for German speakers, why else did hitler want to control Czechoslovakia?

A

It’s geographical position made it a threat to Germany, as its western border was deep into Germany. It was strong militarily and economically, with an army of 34 divisions, coal, limits and an armaments factory.

54
Q

Explain what happened leading up to the Sudeten riots

A

Hitler ordered the leaders of the Czech nazi party to make demands for a role in Czech government, when they kept increasing their demands, president benes refused. Hitler told the Sudeten germane he would support them if they caused further difficulty for benes, on 12 September 1938 they began rioting.

55
Q

Explain what happened when chamberlain met with benes

A

Benes realised he wouldn’t get help from Britain, so agreed to give parts of the Sudetenland where Germany speakers lived, to Germany.

56
Q

What was hitlers reaction when chamberlain told him what benes had decided to to with Sudetenland?

A

He said it wasn’t enough, he had heard that Sudeten Germans were being mistreated and that if he didn’t have all of the Sudetenland in his possession by October 1, he would invade to rescue the Sudeten Germans.

57
Q

What did the 4 powers agree about Sudetenland?

A

They agreed that it should be part of Germany,but that the new borders of Czechoslovakia were also guaranteed.

58
Q

When did German troops invade Sudetenland?

A

October 1 1938

59
Q

Who else took parts of Czechoslovakia?

A

Hungary and Poland

60
Q

What happened on 15 march 1939?

A

Hitler ordered his troops into Bohemia and Moravia

61
Q

What happened with Memel?

A

On 20 march, hitler demanded that the city of Memel in Lithuania be returned to Germany, Memel had been made a free city under the treaty of Versailles. 2 days later fearing invasion, Lithuania gave hitler control of Memel. The League of Nations could do nothing to stop him. Britain and France realises a stand had to be made against hitlers aggression.

62
Q

After Czechoslovakia., who was hitlers next target?

A

Poland

63
Q

What did Britain and France promise Poland?

A

That if they were threatened, they would guarantee its independence.

64
Q

Why didn’t Stalin trust Britain and France?

A

Because he hadn’t invited him to the Munich conference

65
Q

What pact was signed on 23 August 1939?

A

The nazi-soviet pact

66
Q

Explain the vents after September 1 1939

A

September 1, Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France demanded he withdraw his forces, when he didn’t they declared war in germany on September 3. On September 17 the Soviet Union invaded Poland. Within weeks Poland was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union.

Revision (10 decks)

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