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Revision > Chemistry Module 4 > Flashcards

Chemistry Module 4 Flashcards

0
Q

How do you test for sulphate ions?

A

Barium chloride

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1
Q

How do you test for dissolved ions?

A

Precipitation reactions

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2
Q

How do you test for halide ions?

A

Silver nitrate

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3
Q

What colour precipitate does chlorine make?

A

White

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4
Q

What colour precipitate do bromide ions make?

A

Cream

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5
Q

What colour precipitate do iodide ions make?

A

Pale yellow

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6
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down using heat

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7
Q

What is precipitation?

A

When a solid forms in solution

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8
Q

When you react some soluble transition metal compounds with sodium hydroxide, what do you get?

A

An insoluble hydroxide

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9
Q

What do you use precipitation tests to test for?

A

Transition metal ions

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10
Q

Where does the UK get water from?

A

Surface water and ground water

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11
Q

What are the steps to purify water in water treatment plants?

A

Filtration- mesh takes out twigs etc
Sedimentation- adding iron sulphate makes particles clump together and settle at the bottom
Chlorination- chlorine gas kills microbes and harmful bacteria

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12
Q

How can tap water contain impurities?

A

Nitrates- run off
Lead-pipes
Pesticides from fields

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13
Q

How do you get fresh water?

A

Distillinga sea water

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14
Q

What kind of structure do metals have?

A

Crystal

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15
Q

How are metals held together?

A

Metallic bonds which allow the outer electron to move creating a sea of delocalised electrons

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16
Q

What properties do strong metallic bonds give?

A

High melting and boiling points, high density

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17
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat and electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons carry heat and electrical current

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18
Q

What are superconductors?

A

Metals at really low temperatures, no resistance

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19
Q

What’s the problem with superconductors?

A

Expensive to get metals cold enough, less than -265 degrees

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20
Q

What are transition metals?

A

Metals in the middle of the periodic table

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21
Q

Transition metals and their compounds make good catalysts, give an example

A

Iron-ammonia-Haber process

Nickel-margarine

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22
Q

What colour is iron(ll)?

A

Light green

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23
Q

What colour is iron(lll)?

A

Orange/brown

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24
Q

What colour is a copper compound?

A

Blue

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25
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged particles

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26
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

27
Q

Give an example of an isotope

A

C12 or C14

28
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Transferring electrons, atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles which are attracted to each other

29
Q

What do ionic compounds form?

A

Giant ionic lattices

30
Q

What happens when metals form ions?

A

They lose electrons to form positive ions

31
Q

Why happens when non-metals form ions?

A

They gain electrons to form negative ions

32
Q

What happens when metals and non-metals combine?

A

Ionic bonds form

33
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

Sharing electrons

34
Q

What does each covalent bond provide?

A

Extra electrons

35
Q

What do substances formed from covalent bonds have?

A

Simple molecular structures

36
Q

What do atoms in molecules have?

A

Strong covalent bonds

37
Q

What is the melting/boiling points of simple molecular structures like?

A

Low melting/boiling points, weak attraction between molecules

38
Q

Do simple molecular structures conduct electricity?

A

No, no free electrons

39
Q

What’s the charge of a neutron?

A

0

40
Q

What’s the mass of a proton?

A

1

41
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

-1

42
Q

What’s the mass of a neutron?

A

1

43
Q

What’s the charge of a proton?

A

+1

44
Q

What’s the mass of an electron?

A

0

45
Q

Which number is the mass number?

A

Top

46
Q

Which number is the atomic number?

A

Bottom

47
Q

What did John Dalton conclude?

A

Atoms were solid spheres

48
Q

What did JJ Thomson conclude?

A

Atoms contained electrons, ‘plum pudding model’

49
Q

What did Rutherford conclude?

A

The plum pudding model was wrong, gold foil experiment

50
Q

What did Bohr conclude?

A

That electrons were contained in shells

51
Q

How many outer shell electrons do group 1 have?

A

1

52
Q

What do ionic compounds form?

A

Giant ionic lattices, don’t conduct electricity when solid

53
Q

Why are MgO and NaCl giant ionic structures?

A

They have high melting and boiling points, lots of energy is needed to break the bonds

54
Q

What happens as you go further down group 1?

A

More reactive, outer electron lost easier, further from nucleus

55
Q

What are the properties of an alkali metal?

A

Low melting/boiling point, low density, soft

56
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Loss of electrons

57
Q

What does a reaction with water produce?

A

Hydrogen gas

58
Q

What’s the colour of a lithium flame?

A

Red

59
Q

What’s the colour of a sodium flame?

A

Yellow

60
Q

What’s the colour of a potassium flame?

A

Lilac

61
Q

What happens as you go down group 7?

A

It gets less reactive, melting and boiling points increase

62
Q

What is reduction?

A

Gain of electrons

63
Q

What happens when halogens react with alkali metals?

A

Salts are formed

64
Q

What do halogens do?

A

More reactive halogens displace less reactive ones

Revision (10 decks)

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