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Fisiopatología > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular growth, not responding to regulation processes

A

neoplasm

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2
Q

Dysplasia leads to

A

neoplasia

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3
Q

Generally the neoplasms are due to a

A

mutation

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4
Q

Characteristics of cancer

A

rapid
uncontrolled proliferation
loss of differentiation

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5
Q

Is the formation of cancer

A

carcinogenesis

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6
Q

Stages of carcinogenesis

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Promotion
  3. Progression
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7
Q

Stage of carcinogenesis that involve the exposure of the cells to environmental events such as DNA mutation, chemical, viruses or radiation

A

initiation

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8
Q

Stage of carcinogenesis where the mutated cells are exposed to hormones and promote the growth

A

promotion

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9
Q

Stage of carcinogenesis where the tumor invades and metastasizes

A

progression

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10
Q

In the stage of progression in the carcinogenesis the damage is

A

irreversible

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11
Q

Protein products that stimulate the cell growth and division

A

oncogenes

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12
Q

Is the positive regulation of cell cycle

A

oncogenes

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13
Q

What is an proto-oncogene?

A

precursor of oncogene

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14
Q

Is the negative regulation of cell cycle

A

tumor suppressor gene

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15
Q

Protein products stop cell cycle and promote apoptosis

A

tumor suppressor gene

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16
Q

The tumor suppressor gene is involved in

A

DNA repair

17
Q

Tumor suppressor genes in normal cells

A

prevent cancer

18
Q

DNA changes that inactivate tumor suppressor genes can lead to

A

uncontrolled cell growth

19
Q

A tumor could be

A

benign or malignant

20
Q

Type of tumor that are usually encapsulated

A

benign

21
Q

A benign tumor ir encapsulated, that means that can’t

A

metastasize

22
Q

Type of tumor that has an irregular shape and surface

A

malign

23
Q

The malign tumor is encapsulated

A

false

24
Q

A malignant tumor needs _____ to survive

A

angiogenesis

25
Q

Clinical manifestations of cancer

A 
anemia
cachexia
fatigue
infections
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
pain
26
Q

Is the decrease in the synthesis of leukocytes

A

leukopenia

27
Q

Low platelets level

A

thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Infections in cancer are due to

A

bone marrow depression

29
Q

Anemia in cancer is due to

A

bad nutrition

chronic bleeding

30
Q

Diagnosis for cancer

A
  1. Identify cancer cells
  2. Establish the cytology
  3. Type of cancer cells
31
Q

The systemic effects of neoplasia could be

A

direct or indirect

32
Q

Type of systemic effect of neoplasia that is unpredictable

A

indirect

Fisiopatología (12 decks)

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