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BIOL 005B > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

animals that lack a backbone

95% of all animal species

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2
Q

What clade are all animals nested in?

A

Metazoan

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3
Q

Which protists are “represented” in porifera?

A

choanoflagellates

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4
Q

What is Porifera?

A 
Sponges
Sedentary and sessile
Hermaphodites with mobile larva that settle down
Asymmetric
live in fresh and marina water
no true tissues
use choanocytes (collar cells)
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5
Q

What type of feeders are Porifera?

A

filter feeders that draw water through their bodies to collect suspended food

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6
Q

What do members of the clade Eumetazoa all have?

A

tissues

symmetry

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7
Q

What is Cnidaria?

A

sea anemones and jellies
first animals to develop true tissues
diploblastic radial symmetry with nerve net
both mobile and sessile (medusas and polyps)
some reproduce sexually and asexually (budding)

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8
Q

What are the two variations of Cnidarians and what is their body plan?

A

Medusa: mobile (jellies)
Polyp: sessile (anemone)
Gastrovascular Cavity (not a true body cavity)
One opening acts as mouth and anus, lined with tentacles

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9
Q

What clades are Cnidarians divided into?

A

Medusozoa: most or all of life-cycle (jellies)
Anthozoa: throughout life cycle (anemones/coral)

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10
Q

Is Cnidaria prey or predator and how?

A

They are heterotrophic predators
Cnidocytes: specialized cells on tentacles used in defense
Nematocyst: stinging thread that is ejected from cnidocyte, injects toxins to break down food

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11
Q

What do members of clade Bilateria all have?

A

Bilateral symmetry
triploblast
have digestive tracts

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12
Q

What is Lophotrochozoa?

A

clade constructed with extensive molecular data, with members that have widest range of body forms

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13
Q

What is the Platyhelmithe Phylum?

A

Also known as flatworms
triploblastic acoelomates
lack circulatory system
they are flattened for gas exchange via diffusion

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14
Q

What do Platyhelminthe have that allow them to predators or scavengers?

A

Ganglia: regions with concentrated nerves that act as a primitive brain

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15
Q

What is Cephalization?

A

Development of a head

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16
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Turbellaria?

A

not parasitic

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17
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Trematoda?

A

obligate parasites in molluscs and vertebrates

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18
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Cestoda?

A

All are parasitic

multiple hosts with at least one vertebrate

19
Q

What is Syndermata?

A

Rotifers: free living animals with complex digestive system
Acanthocephalans: Parasites that have a reduced digestive system

20
Q

What is Ectoprot and Brachiopod?

A

sessile, filter feeders that use lophophore nets to feed

21
Q

What are lophophores?

A

ciliated structures used to capture food, gives rise to the clade’s larger name Lophotrochozoa

22
Q

What are Mollusca?

A

soft-bodied animals usually protected by hard shell (snails)
feed using a radula to scrape/rasp
reproduce sexually

23
Q

What do all Mollusca have in common in terms of body plan?

A

Muscular Foot: used for movement or adhesion in sessile species
Visceral Mass: region that contains internal organs
Mantle: covers the visceral mass and secretes a Hard shell

24
Q

What are the four classes of molluscs?

A

Chitons
Gastropods
Bivalves
Cephalopods

25
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Chitons?

A

multiple calcified plates
all marine
grazing animals that cling to rock

26
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Gastropods?

A

torsion: twist of upper portions of the body relative to the foot
operculum: protective covering

27
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Bivalves?

A

Two shells
sedentary and burrowing
foot evolved to dig
siphons bring water for filter feeding and gas exchange

28
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Cephalopoda?

A

tentacles and head are derived from foot

highly evolved molluscs

29
Q

What is Annelida?

A

bodies composed of fused segments
Longitudinal and circular muscles
closed circulatory system

30
Q

What are general characteristics of Ecdysozoa?

A

cuticle: very tough coat and usually hard outer coat
develops into an exoskeleton
Ecdysis (Molting): shredding of the cuticle that must occur repeatedly, allows growth

31
Q

What is Nematoda?

A

known as roundworms
diverse lifestyles
have thick but soft cuticle
sexual reproduction
pseudocoelomates with digestive canal, no closed circulatory system
longitudinal muscles
important for decomposition and nutrient cycling

32
Q

How are Nematoda bad?

A

they are harmful parasites
trichinosis
heartworms

33
Q

What are Arthropoda?

A

over 1 million species (mostly insects)
first seen in Cambrian explosion
Appearance of segmentation

34
Q

What are general characteristic of Arthropod?

A

segmented with cases of Tagmosis (fusion of segments)
have jointed appendages: limbs that can bend, at high points, for diverse functions like walking and flying
cephalization and sensory organs
open circulatory system

35
Q

What are arthropods completely covered in?

A

a chitin exoskeleton for protection, support, etc.

36
Q

What are the four sub-phyla of arthropods?

A

Chelicerata
Myriapoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda

37
Q

What are cheliceriforms?

A

terrestrial but some marine like horseshoe crabs

38
Q

What are arachnids?

A

have an abdomen and a cephalothorax with six appendages like spiders
have book lungs for gas exchange
produce silk

39
Q

What are millipedes?

A

have many legs with two pair of legs on each trunk

40
Q

What are centipedes?

A

have fewer legs, one pair per trunk

41
Q

What are crustacea?

A 
isopods, decapods, and copepods
fusion of segments
highly specialized appendages
two sets of antennas
gas exchange
42
Q

What are Hexapoda?

A 
Class of Insects
tagmosis
two pairs of wings for flight
three pairs of legs
mainly terrestrial
have tracheal system for efficient gas exchange
have two forms of Metamorphosis
43
Q

What is incomplete metamorphosis?

A

series of molts until insect reaches full size

44
Q

What is complete metamorphosis?

A

larval and adult stage with very different forms

BIOL 005B (27 decks)

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