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Physiology > Week 7 Summary > Flashcards

Week 7 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

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2
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

Thick middle layer of smooth muscle propels blood away from the heart

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3
Q

What is the function of arterioles?

A

Branch from arteries, regulate blood flow into capillaries, their diameter alters via smooth muscle cells to control flow

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4
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

extensive network to contact cells, allow efficient exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid

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5
Q

What is the function of venules?

A

Drain capillary blood, begin to return the flow of blood to the heart

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6
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

return blood to the heart, serve as blood reservoirs and have valve which counteract gravity

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7
Q

Right atrium of the heart

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus, pumps blood via tricuspid valve to right ventricle

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8
Q

Right ventricle of the heart

A

Receieve deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation

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9
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it down tot he left ventricle via the bicuspid valve

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10
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood via aortic valve and ascending aorta

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11
Q

Veins carry blood

A

toward the heart

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12
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

away from the heart

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13
Q

Route of blood flow in the heart

A

right atrium, right ventricle via tricuspid, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle via bicuspid , aortic valve and ascending aorta

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14
Q

Pulmonary circulation is

A

the passage of blood from the heart through the lungs

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15
Q

Systemic circulation is

A

the passage of blood from the heart through the body

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16
Q

Semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary vlaves

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17
Q

the left side of the heart is the pump for

A

systemic circulation, receiving oxygenated blood from the lung

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18
Q

the right side of the heart is the pump for

A

pulmonary circulation, receiving de-oxygenated blood returning from systemic circulation

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19
Q

sinoatrial node

A

repeatedly de-oplarises to threshold to generate action potentials

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20
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

once the action potential reaches the AV it slows to allow for the atria do empty blood into the ventricle

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21
Q

atroventricular bundle

A

action potential travels from the atria to ventricles

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22
Q

bundle branches

A

action potentials travel to the branches which extend through the inter ventricular septum

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23
Q

purkinje fibres

A

rapidly conduct the action potential to contract the ventricles pushing the blood upwards towards the semilunar valves

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24
Q

P wave

A

represents atrial depolarisation

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25
Q

QRS complex

A

represents ventricular depolarisation

26
Q

T wave

A

Indicates ventricular repolarisation

27
Q

Can atrial repolarisation be seen on an ECG?

A

No, it is masked by the QRS complex

28
Q

Systole

A

Phase of contraction

29
Q

diastole

A

Phase of relaxation

30
Q

S1 heart sound

A

lubb sound, caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of AV valves

31
Q

S2 heart sound

A

Dupp sound caused by blood turbulence associated with closure of semilunar valves

32
Q

Electrical events in the heart lead to

A

mechanical events

33
Q

deploarisation causes

A

contraction

34
Q

repolarisation causes

A

relaxations

35
Q

mechanical events lead to

A

pressure changes

36
Q

pressure changes drive

A

blood flow

37
Q

isovolumetric contraction

A

brief period where ventricles are contracting but valves are closed and blood volume stays the same

38
Q

isovolumetric relaxation

A

aortic valve is closed, no change in blood volume

39
Q

End diastolic volume

A

volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

40
Q

End systolic volume

A

blood remaining in the ventricles after contraction/ventricular ejection

41
Q

Stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected during ventricular systole

42
Q

main functions of blood

A

transportation, regulations, protection

43
Q

composition of blood?

A

55% plasma, 45% formed elements

44
Q

What are formed elements?

A

99% red blood cells, 1% white blood cells and platelets

45
Q

What is blood plasma made up of?

A

91.5% water, 8.5% solutes (plasma proteins/antibodies)

46
Q

percentage of blood volume made up of RBC’s is called

A

haematocrit

47
Q

White blood cells are also called

A

Leukocytes

48
Q

Platelets are responsible for

A

forming clots

49
Q

RBC’s are responsible for

A

hemoglobin which transports oxygen to tissues

50
Q

Two major blood groups

A

ABO and Rhesus

51
Q

antigens are also called

A

agglutinogens

52
Q

antibodies are also called

A

agglutinins

53
Q

Type A contains

A

B antibodies

54
Q

Type B contains

A

A antibodies

55
Q

Type O contains

A

Both antibodies

56
Q

Type AB contains

A

No antibodies

57
Q

Type O blood is known as

A

the universal donor

58
Q

Type AB blood is known as

A

the universal reciever

59
Q

Rh group is determined by

A

the presence of Rh antigens, if Rh antigens present, this indicates Rh+, absence indicates Rh-

60
Q

If an incompatible blood transfusion occurs, what happens?

A

Recipient RBC’s agglutinate and haemolysis occurs

Physiology (13 decks)

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