Chapter 10, 11, 22 Flashcards
Number of Americans living with long-term disability secondary to TBI
5.3 million
Cognitive impairments can include difficulties with:
attention
memory
problem-solving
decision-making
Cognition
a complex collection of conscious mental activity such as attention, perception, comprehension, remembering, or using language and can generally be thought of as an individual’s ability to mentally represent, organize, or manipulate the environment
long term explicit memory
memory with conscious recall; semantic/episodic
long term implicit memory
memory without conscious recall; procedural
Executive functions
planning reasoning judgment initiation abstract thinking problem solving decision making
metacognition
awareness of our own cognitive processes; our ability to think about thinking
ability to self-monitor adn use thoughts to change or improve thinking and behavior
knowledge of one’s strengths and weaknesses
Roughly ___% of rehabilitation facilities provide some form of cognitive rehabilitation via SLPs, OTs, and neuropsych
95%
compensatory rehab approach (cognition)
- may assume certain cognitive functions cannot be completely recovered due to neurological damage, therapeutic knowledge limitations, or constrained resource availability for remediative approaches
- individual must adopt strategies to accommodate their limitations
- a body of evidence exists supporting the notion that compensatory strategies may actually impede neurologic recovery
Compensatory cognition strategies
use of external devices or aides such as
- day planners
- checklists
- smartphones
- cognitive supervision
how long does coma-emergent agitation typically last as a person emerges from a coma?
less than 10 days
typically characterized by cycle of shorter and shorter agitated periods before resolution
Is consequence-based learning programming indicated for patients in the coma-emergent agitation stage?
no; learning new information during this phase is unlikely
Goal of therapy during coma-emergent agitation phase
minimize unfamiliar, complex, or unexpected stimuli and promote safety and stability though familiarity and orientation
Factors that influence behavior and behavior deficits post-BI
location and severity of brain damage pre-injury characteristics of personality intelligence learning style current environment
common neurobehavioral deficits
aggression agitation/irritability/poor frustration tolerance apathy denial of deficits/poor self awareness disinhibition eating disturbances flat affect/restricted emotions/inability to recognize emotions impulsivity lability/emotional instability poor initiation poor judgment and reasoning psychosis (rare)
