9.1 Ecosystems

Question 1

define ecosystem

Answer 1

all the living things (biotic components)
together with all the non-living things (abiotic
components) in an area.

Question 2

define population

Answer 2

all the organisms that belong to that same species living in a defined area at the same time

Question 3

Community:

Answer 3

a group of populations of different species that live together in an area and interact with each other.

Question 4

define habitat

Answer 4

the place within an ecosystem in which a particular species of organisms lives

Question 5

define niche

Answer 5

the role of a species within the ecosystem.

Question 6

define biotic and give examples biotic (living) components of an ecosystem

Answer 6

living things-
producers, primary, secondary and
tertiary consumers, decomposers

Question 7

Define abiotic and give examples of abiotic (non-
living) components of an ecosystem

Answer 7

Non-living things

components of the environment:
temperature, humidity, water, oxygen,
salinity, light, pH

Question 8

Producers

Answer 8

organisms within an ecosystem that can
carry out
photosynthesis.

Question 9

Primary consumers:

Answer 9

organisms within an ecosystem
that derive
their food from producers.

Question 10

Secondary consumers:

Answer 10

organisms within an ecosystem that derive their food from primary consumers.

Question 11

Tertiary consumers:

Answer 11

Tertiary consumers: organisms within an ecosystem
that derive
their food from secondary consumers

Question 12

Decomposers

Answer 12

organisms within an ecosystem that
derive their
food from the bodies of dead organisms.

Question 13

biotic interactions (3)

Answer 13

competition, predation and pollination

Question 14

competition

Answer 14

Habitats have limited amounts of the resources needed by living organisms.
Organisms must compete with others in order to get enough of these resources to survive. If they are unsuccessful and cannot move to another habitat, they will die.

Question 15

Predation

Answer 15

when one animal eats another.

Question 16

Pollination

Answer 16

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma for it to fuse with the ovule

Question 17

describe the step of photosynthesis

Answer 17

The steps of photosynthesis
• Step 1: chlorophyll in the chloroplast of leave absorb sunlight which is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
• Step 2: Carbon dioxide is diffuse through the stomata of the leaves and water is absorb through osmosis from the root of plants.
• Step 3: the carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce glucose and waste product oxygen.

Question 18

photosynthesis word equation

Answer 18

sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water —> Glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 19

Importance of Chlorophyll

Answer 19

• trap light energy
• Converts light energy into chemical energy

Question 20

Food Chain

Answer 20

a chart showing the flow of energy (food) from one organism to the next beginning with a producer

Question 21

What does the arrow repersent in a food chain

Answer 21

Arrows represent the flow of energy …Not Who Eats Who.

Question 22

trophic level

Answer 22

• Each level in the transfer of energy
  or
• The position an organism occuy in an food chain or web

Question 23

The 1st Trophic Level

Answer 23

• Consists of primary producers

Question 24

2nd Trophic Level

Answer 24

• Consists of primary consumers

Question 25

The 3rd and Any Higher Trophic Leve

Answer 25

Consists of consumers.

Question 26

Food Web

Answer 26

A food web **represents many interconnected food chains** describing various paths that energy takes through an ecosystem.

Question 27

what is are ecological Pyramids?

Answer 27

* Models that show how energy flows through ecosystems. * Pyramids can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at * each trophic level in an ecosystem. * The **base of the pyramid represents producers**

Question 28

types of ecological pyramids

Answer 28

numbers and energy

Question 29

Pyramid of numbers:

Answer 29

* a diagram that represents the number of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem by a horizontal bar whose lenth (wideness) is proportional to the numbers at that level. * doesnt always have a pyramid shape Tree(1)--> insects(1000+)--> birds(400)

Question 30

Energy pyramids

Answer 30

* compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels * Between each tier of an energy pyramid, **up to 90 percent of the energy is lost** * **Only 10 percent of the energy** at each tier is **transferred** from one trophic level to the next * as the trophic level increases the amount of energy transferred decreases

Question 31

how is energy lost at each trophic level?

Answer 31

* as heat to the environment * cellular respiration * growth

Question 32

Why cant food chains have more than 4 or 5 trophic levels?

Answer 32

there’s not enough energy to pass on

Question 33

Respiration

Answer 33

process by which living organisms break down glucose in presence of oxygen to release CO2 , water and energy to carry out process of life such as movement

Question 34

word equation of aerobic respiration

Answer 34

Glucose+oxygen-> carbon dioxdie+water

Question 35

the carbon cycle process

Answer 35

1. Carbon present in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis 2. These plants are then consumed by animals and carbon gets bio accumulated into their bodies 3. It is returned by respiration; in plants, in animals and in decomposing microorganisms 4. released to the atmosphere through the combustion of fuels containing carbon