L17.25 Epidemiology

Question 1

What are the causes of CHD & stroke

Answer 1

increased blood LDL, increased sat fat,
increased blood pressure/ increased BMI, salt and alc
increased blood sugar/ increased BMI
smoking risk factor

Question 2

What is the prevention

Answer 2

Diet is key: low in sat fat, salt, processed, alcohol. high in whole foods. Don’t need to do cholesterol

Question 3

What are public health measures to support prevention of CHD

Answer 3

Taxation, legislation, re-formulation of foods sold- using non saturated fats, local policy, lobby groups. Tend to go for single risk factors

Question 4

What can clinicians do to fight CVD risk

Answer 4

Have to consider continuous multi-factor CVD risk rather than singular risk factors. Each risk factor is continuous (not yes/no). The risks combine to have the impact.
Eg. CVD risk increases continuously with hypertension, diabetes 2, age, hyperlipidaemia, obesity
The benefit of treatment is directly proportional to your pre-treatment risk. Same treatment to halve risk gives more benefit to someone with higher risk.

Question 5

What is the future

Answer 5

Personalised/ precision medicine:
Clinicians predicts the risk of disease rather than making yes/no diagnoses. The magnitude of predicted risk is the main determinant of treatment decisions
chd.bestsciencemedicine