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B7- MASS TRANSPORT > 7.4- THE STRUCTURE OF THE HEART > Flashcards

7.4- THE STRUCTURE OF THE HEART Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart?

A

muscular organ that lies in the thoracic cavity behind the sternum (breastbone)

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2
Q

How long does the heart operate?

A

operates continuously + tirelessly throughout life of organism

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3
Q

What is the human heart really?

A

two separate pumps lying side by side

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4
Q

What does the left pump of the heart deal with?

A

oxygenated blood from lungs

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5
Q

What does the right side of the heart deal with?

A

deoxygenated blood from body

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6
Q

What are the names of the two chambers that each pump of the heart has?

A

atrium

ventricle

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7
Q

What is the atrium?

A

thin-walled + elastic + stretches as it collects blood

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8
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

thick muscular wall as it has to contract strongly to pump blood some distance, either to lungs or rest of body

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9
Q

Why does blood have to pass through tiny capillaries in the lungs?

A

to present a large SA for exchange of gases

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10
Q

What does blood having to pass through tiny capillaries in the lungs cause?

A

very large drop in pressure + so blood flow to rest of body would be very slow

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11
Q

What do mammals have as the blood pressure drops due to blood passing through tiny capillaries in the lungs?

A

mammals have system in which blood returned to rest of body

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12
Q

What is it essential to separate in the heart?

A

essential to keep oxygenated blood in pump on left side separate from deoxygenated in pump on right

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13
Q

Where does the right ventricle only pump blood to

A

pumps bloody only to lungs

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14
Q

What is the muscular wall of the right ventricle like in comparison to the left ventricle?

A

thinner muscular wall than left ventricle

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15
Q

Why does the left ventricle have a thick muscular wall?

A

enables it to contract to create enough pressure to pump blood to rest of body

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16
Q

How do both the pumps of the heart pump? (hint-time)

A

pump in time with each other

17
Q

How do both the atria and ventricle contract?

A

both atria contract together + then both ventricles contract together, pumping same volume of blood

18
Q

What is between each atrium + ventricle?

A

valves

19
Q

What do the valves between each atrium + ventricle do?

A

prevent backflow of blood into atria when ventricles contract

20
Q

What are the two valves

A 
left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve 
right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
21
Q

What is each of the four chambers of the heart connected to?

A

large blood vessels that carry blood towards or away from heart

22
Q

Where do the ventricles pump blood to?

A

pump blood away from heart + into arteries

23
Q

Where do the atria receive blood from?

A

receive blood from veins

24
Q

What are pulmonary vessels?

A

vessels connecting the heart to the lungs

25
Q

What is the aorta connected to?

A

connected to left ventricle

26
Q

What does the aorta carry?

A

carries deoxygenated blood to all parts of body except lungs

27
Q

What is the vena cava connected to?

A

right atrium

28
Q

What does the vena cava bring?

A

brings deoxygenated blood back from tissues of body (except lungs)

29
Q

What is the pulmonary artery connected to?

A

right ventricle

30
Q

What does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

deoxygenated blood to lungs, where its oxygen replenished + its CO2 removed

31
Q

Unusually for an artery. what type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

carries deoxygenated blood

32
Q

Is the oxygenated blood passing through the left side of the heart used to meet its own great respiratory needs?

A

no

33
Q

Which blood vessels supply blood to the heart muscle?

A

coronary arteries

34
Q

Where do the coronary arteries branch off?

A

branch off aorta shortly after it leaves the heart

35
Q

Example of how the coronary arteries can be blocked?

A

by blood clot

36
Q

What do blockages of the coronary arteries lead to?

A

myocardial infarction or heart attack as an area of heart muscle deprived of blood + so oxygen also

37
Q

What happens to area of heart deprived of blood?

A

muscle cells in this region unable to respire (aerobically) + so die

B7- MASS TRANSPORT (9 decks)

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