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imed3003 COPY > Thigh Leg and Foot 2 > Flashcards

Thigh Leg and Foot 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the sartorius muscle originate and insert and what does it do?

A

Originates at ASIS and inserts at medial border of tibial tuberosity.

It flexes the thigh and leg

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2
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate and insert and what is its action?

A

Origin: Acetabular groove and anterior inferior iliac spine

Inserts on tibial tuberosity

Flexes thigh and extends the leg

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the quadriceps?

A

Vastus medialis intermedius and lateralis

Rectus femoris (Only quadricaeps muscle to cross the hip joint)

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4
Q

Where does vastus intermedius originate?

A

Shaft of the femur

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5
Q

Where does vastus lateralus originate?

A

Greater trochanter and linea aspira of the femur

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6
Q

Where does vastus medialis originate?

A

Intertrochanteric line and linea aspira of femur

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7
Q

Where does the long head originate and insert and what does it do?

A

Originates at ischial tuberosity and inserts at fibula and lateral tibial condyle.

It acts to flex the leg and extend the thigh

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8
Q

Where do all the hamstring muscles originate?

A

At the ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

Which head of the hamstrings crosses both the hip and knee joint?

A

The lateral long head

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10
Q

Where does the short head originate and insert?

A

Linea aspira and inserts onto fibula and lateral tibial condyle

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11
Q

Which medial head is more fleshy?

A

The semimembranosis

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12
Q

Where does the semitendinosus originate and insert?

A

Originates at ischial tuberosity and inserts onto medial shaft of the tibia.

It flexes the leg and extends the thigh

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13
Q

Where does the semimembranosus originate and insert?

A

Originates at ischial tuberosity and inserts onto medial condyle of the tibia and it flexes leg and extends the thigh

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14
Q

What are the adductor muscles? (From most superior to most inferior insertion on the humerus)

A

Pectineus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

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15
Q

Where does the pectineus originate and insert and what does it do?

A

Origin: Pectineal surface

Insertion: Pectineal line of femur

Action: flexes and adducts the thigh

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16
Q

What do the adductor muscles do besides adducting the thigh?

A

They also flex the thigh (Except adductor magnus)

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17
Q

Where does adductor longus originate and insert and what does it do?

A

Origin: Pubic crest and symphysis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Flexes and adducts the thigh

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18
Q

Where does adductor brevis originate and insert?

A

Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Flexes and adducts the thigh

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19
Q

Where does adductor magnus originate and insert? What does it do?

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and ischio pubic ramus

Insertion: Linea aspira and adductor tubercle of femur

Action: Extends and adducts the thigh

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20
Q

What does adductor magnus create with its insertion points?

A

Adductor hiatus

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21
Q

Where does gracilis originate and insert?

A

Origin: Symphysis pubis

Insertion: Medial shaft of the tibia

Action: Flexes and adducts the thigh

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22
Q

What is adduction and abduction with regards to the foot?

A

Adduction towards midline of the foot

Abduction away from midline of the foot

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23
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior originate and insertion and action?

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and shaft of tibia

Insertion: 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflexion and inverts foot

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Origin: Shaft of fibula

Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux

Action: Extends hallux

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and shaft of the tibia

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Action: Extends digits 2 - 5

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26
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

Fibularis/Peroneus longus

Fibularis/Peroneus brevis

Fibularis/Peroneus tertius

27
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of peroneus longus?

A

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle and shaft of fibula

Insertion: 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot (it runs behind ankle and under foot to tarsal bones)

29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of peroneus brevis?

A

Origin: Shaft of fibula

Insertion: Metatarsal 5

Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot (also runs behind ankle but doesn’t go under foot and instead ends at metatarsal 5)

30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of peroneus tertius?

A

Origin: Shaft of fibula

Insertion: Metatarsal 5

Action: Dorsiflexes foot (passes in front of ankle)

31
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

Superficial:

Gastrocnemeus

Soleus

Plantaris

Deep:

Popliteus

Tibialis posterior

32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemeus?

A

Origin: Medial and lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity

Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg (more type 2 fibers and is designed for power movements)

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion and action of soleus?

A

Origin: Head of fibula and soleal line of tibia

Insertion: Calcaneal tuberosity

Action: Plantar flexes foot

34
Q

What is the origin and insertion and action of plantaris?

A

Origin: Lateral femoral condyle and supracondylar line

Insertion: Joins calcaneal tendon

Action: Insignificant plantar flexion

35
Q

Is plantaris an important muscle?

A

No it is inconsistent. (Only some people have it)

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion and action of popliteus?

A

Origin: Lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: Medial shaft of the tibia

Action: Tibial medial rotation to unlock tibia from full extension of knee.

37
Q

What is the origin and insertion and action of tibialis posterior?

A

Origin: Interosseus membrane, tibia and fibula

Insertion: Navicular and cuneiforms 1 - 3

Action: Inverts foot

38
Q

What are the tendons that pass through the medial maleolus in order of most superficial to deepest?

A

TDH (Tom Dick and Harry)

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Hallucis longus

39
Q

Where do TDH muscles originate?

A

On shaft of the fibula

40
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

41
Q

What are the contents of the first layer of plantar muscles?

A

Abductor for the big toe (Abductor hallucis)

Flexor for the digits (Flexor digitorum brevis)

Abductor for the little toe (abductor digiti minimi)

42
Q

What are the contents of the second layer of plantar muscles?

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals (flex the toes)

43
Q

How are the toes prevented from moving medially despite the medial attachment of the tendons?

A

Tendons attach to the medial side of the toes so simultaneous contraction of the extensor digitorum longus occurs with it

44
Q

What are the contents of the third layer of plantar muscles?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adductor hallucis

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

45
Q

What are the contents of the fourth layer of plantar muscles?

A

Dorsal interossei (DAB = dorsal interossei abduct)

Plantar interossei (Adduct)

46
Q

How does the femoral nerve travel through the leg? What does it innervate?

A

Passes through inguinal ligament to anterior thigh and innervates quadriceps, sartorius and first of the abductors, pectineus.

47
Q

How does the lateral cutaneous nerve travel?

A

Around iliac crest and innervates skin of hip and lateral thigh

48
Q

How does the obturator nerve travel?

A

medial thigh through obturator foramen and innervates adductor muscles

49
Q

What 2 nerves are contained in the sciatic nerve?

A

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve

Tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar branches)

50
Q

Which of the 2 nerves within the sciatic nerve innervate the hamstrings?

A

The tibial nerve

51
Q

Where does the tibial nerve travel after bifurcating?

A

Through the popliteal fossa

52
Q

What happens to the peroneal nerve after the sciatic nerve bifurcates?

A

It bifurcates again to form the deep and superficial fibular nerves

53
Q

How does the tibial nerve reach the foot?

A

It passes through the medial malleolus

54
Q

What does the femoral artery split into?

A

Profunda femoral artery

Lateral femoral circumflex

Medial femoral circumflex

55
Q

When does external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

At the inguinal canal

56
Q

What does the femoral artery become after producing the medial and lateral circumflex arteries?

A

Profunda femoral artery

57
Q

What does the femoral artery become after the adductor hiatus (formed by adductor magnus)?

A

Popliteal artery

58
Q

What does the popliteal artery split into just below the knee?

A

Anterior and posterior (major tributary) tibial arteries

Popliteal artery

59
Q

How does the posterior tibial artery get to the foot?

A

It passes through the medial malleolus and forms an anastomosis with anterior tibial

60
Q

How does anterior tibial artery travel to the foot?

A

Travels through anterior compartment near interosseus membrane

61
Q

What does the fibular artery supply?

A

The lateral compartment of the leg

62
Q

What are the 2 types of venous return from the leg?

A

Deep return (popliteal vein, femoral vein, and external iliac vein)

Superficial return (Small sand great saphenous veins)

63
Q

How does deep venous return of blood from the leg work?

A

Goes to the adductor hiatus to form the femoral vein and then external iliac vein at inguinal canal.

64
Q

How does superficial venous return of blood from the leg work?

A

Blood from lateral side of the leg -> small saphenous -> popliteal vein

Great saphenous -> femoral vein just before inguinal canal

imed3003 COPY (48 decks)

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