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Mastery > Hungary and the rest of Eastern Europe > Flashcards

Hungary and the rest of Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Wine made on the Anatolian Plateau is made where?

A

Turkey

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2
Q

Where is Massandra produced?

A

Crimea

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3
Q

What is Romania’s second-most planted red grape? What is the most-planted?

A

Babeasca Neagra; Merlot is the most-planted.

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4
Q

Wine made in the Baltic States would be wine made in what three countries?

A

Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia

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5
Q

In what regions of Hungary is the production of Bikavér permitted? What are the main grapes of this style?

A

Eger and Szekszard

Kékfrankos is the main grape and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Kekoporto (Portugieser) are supplementary grapes.

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6
Q

What is the top appellation for Kekfrankos in Hungary?

A

Sopron

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7
Q

What is Kekfrankos/Blaufrankisch called in Serbia and the Czech Republic?

A

Frankovka

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8
Q

Wine produced around the city of Sofia would be produced in what country?

A

Bulgaria

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9
Q

Wine produced in the Thracian Plains would be produced where?

A

Bulgaria

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10
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Bulgaria? What red grape made it famous?

A

Merlot though the region was more known for its Cabernet Sauvignon previously.

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11
Q

What are the two PGI regions for wine in Bulgaria from north to south?

A

Danubian Plain IGP

Thracian Lowlands IGP

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12
Q

What is the major mountain range that separates the Danubian Plain and the Thracian Lowlands in Bulgaria?

A

The Balkan Mountains or the Stara Planina

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13
Q

What does “reserve” indicate on a bottle of Bulgarian PDO wine?

A

That the wine has been matured for at least 1 year prior to its release.

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14
Q

What are the two PDO quality levels in Bulgaria?

A

Wines with Guaranteed and Controlled Designation of Origin

Wines with Designation of Origin

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15
Q

What is the top PDO in Hungary for Cabernet Franc?

A

Villány PDO

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16
Q

From what region and grapes is the traditional sweet wine Cotnari produced?

A

Produced in the Moldova Hills of Romania

White wines are produced from Grasa, Francusa, Taimaioassa Romaneasca, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Muscat

The best sweet wines affected by noble rot are from Grasa

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17
Q

Where is it said that the oldest continuously cultivated viticulture site in the world is?

A

The Stari Grad plain on the island of Hvar in Croatia.

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18
Q

What is the highest level of wine quality in Croatia?

A

Vrhunsko Vino

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19
Q

What is Terran called in Slovenia?

A

Refošk

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20
Q

What is Croatia’s second-most planted grape that dominates the vineyards of Dalmatia?

A

Plavac Mali

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21
Q

What is the most important white grape of Croatia?

A

Graševina/Welschriesling

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22
Q

What is the Croatian synonym for Blaufrankisch?

A

Frankovka

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23
Q

What are the two languages spoken on Cyprus depending on what part of the island you’re on?

A

Turkish in the North

Greek in the South

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24
Q

What is Commandaria?

A

Legendary sweet and fortified wine from Cyprus grown on the southern slopes of the Troodos Mountains and produced from the indigenous grapes of Xynistri and Mavro having the distinction of the oldest named wine still in production.

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25
Q

What are the quality level designations for wine from the Czech Republic?

A

CHZO (PGI)

CHOP (PDO)

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26
Q

Wine produced in Bohemia and Moravia is produced where?

A

Czech Republic

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27
Q

What country uses the NM (normalized must weight) scale for measuring the amount of sugar in grape must?

A

Czech Republic

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28
Q

What are the grape requirements for Eger Bikaver?

A

Must be a blend of at least 4 grapes with Kekfrankos/Blaufranksich making up at least 30-50%.

Notable grapes that are permitted are Zweigelt, Cab Franc, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Kadarka, and Caberent Sauvignon.

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29
Q

What is the top red and white grape respectively in Eger PDO?

A

Kekfrankos (Blaufrankisch)

Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)

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30
Q

In what countries would you find the grape Feteascā? What does the name of this grape translate to?

A

Romania and Ukraine; the name translates to ‘Young Girl’s Grape”

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31
Q

What is the synonym for Blaufrankisch in Bulgary?

A

Gamé

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32
Q

What is Gamza?

A

Bulgarian synonym for Hungarian Kadarka

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33
Q

What are the two most planted indigenous varieties in Georgia?

A

Rkatsiteli and Saperavi

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34
Q

What is the most important wine region in Georgia and home to 80% of the country’s production?

A

Kakheti

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35
Q

What is the principal red grape variety of Kakheti in Georgia?

A

Saperavi

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36
Q

What is the capitol of Georgia?

A

Tbilisi

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37
Q

Where would you find clay churi? What are these?

A

In Georgia, specifically in Imereti

This a synonym for Qvevri

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38
Q

What is the most-planted grape in Croatia?

A

Welschriesling; called Grasevina there.

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39
Q

What is the synonym for Gruner Veltliner in Hungary?

A

Zöldveltelini

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40
Q

What is harslevelu said to lend to a tokaji blend?

A

Perfume and hints of Linden honey

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41
Q

What is the percentage of wine produced of Hungary’s total output that is white?

A

70%

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42
Q

In what century did Tokaj Aszú emerge as an important wine style?

A

17th Century

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43
Q

What is the river Danube called in Hungary?

A

Duna

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44
Q

What are the three large regions of Hungary for wine production?

A

Transdanubia (west of the Danube/Duna)
The Great Plain (east of the Danube/Duna)
North Hungary/Northern Massif

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45
Q

What are the two main rivers that flow through Hungary? Which is adjacent to Tokaj?

A

Danube and the Tisza; the Tisza flows adjacent to Tokaj

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46
Q

Which country does Tokaj share a border with?

A

Slovakia

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47
Q

What is the most prized soil type of Tokaj?

A

Decayed lava volcanic soils

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48
Q

In what appellation would you find most plantings of Juhfark?

A

Somlo

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49
Q

Kekoporto is the same grape as?

A

Blauer Portuguieser

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50
Q

What is the Hungarian synonym for Welschriesling?

A

Olaszrizling

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51
Q

What is the synonym for Gewurztraminer in Hungary?

A

Tramini

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52
Q

What are two synonyms for Riesling in Hungary?

A

Rajnaj Rizling

Rheinriesling

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53
Q

What is the synonym for Pinot Gris in Hungary?

A

Szurkebarat

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54
Q

What are the Hungarian abbreviations for PDO and PGI respectively?

A

OEM for PDO; OFJ for PGI

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55
Q

Wines from Transdanubia are heavily influenced by the impacts of what three bodies of water?

A

Danube, Lake Balaton, and the Neusiedlersee in Austria

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56
Q

PGI/OFJ wines from Transdanubia would be bottled under what name?

A

PGI Dunántúl

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57
Q

What are the top two grapes grown on the northern banks of Lake Balaton?

A

Welschriesling and Pinot Gris

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58
Q

What are the top three grapes produced and the most prized style produced here?

A

Harslevelu, Welschriesling, Juhfark and Gewurztraminer in barrel aged mineral-rich style.

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59
Q

What are the top two red grapes on the south banks of Lake Balaton?

A

Pinot Noir and Merlot

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60
Q

Which PDO/OEM is affectively a continuation of Neusiedlersee-Hugelland (Austria) and is considered Hungary’s westernmost PDO/OEM?

A

Sopron PDO/OEM

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61
Q

What are the principal red grapes of Sopron?

A

Kékfrankos, Cabernet Sauvingon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Pinot Noir, and Syrah

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62
Q

What is the most prized red wine grape of Villany PDO/OEM? What other grapes flourish here?

A

Cabernet Franc; Kekfrankos, Merlot, Syrah and Zweigelt also thrive here

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63
Q

In what two appellations is Bikaver produced and what is this? Of the two which is considered lighter and why?

A

Szekszard PDO and Eger PDO;

Bikaver is a traditional Kekfrankos-based red blend often supplemented by Kadarka, Cab, Merlot, and Blauer Portugieser.

Szekszard is said to be generally lighter due to the higher proportion of Kadarka in the blend.

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64
Q

Which indigenous grape of Hungary has been frequently compared to Pinot Noir for its similar expressions?

A

Kadarka

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65
Q

What are the three quality levels for Egri Bikaver?

A

Classicus (6 months in oak)

Superior (12 months in oak including 6 months in bottle)

Grand Superior (16 months in oak including 6 months in bottle)

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66
Q

What are the two quality levels of Bikaver in Szekszard?

A

Regular and Premium

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67
Q

What is the warmest appellation in Hungary?

A

Pécs PDO/OEM

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68
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of the Northern Massif in Hungary?

A

Mátra PDO
Eger PDO
Bükk PDO
Tokaj PDO

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69
Q

What are the principal grapes of Mátra PDO?

A

Muscat
Olsaszrizling
Kiralyleanyka

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70
Q

What PGI covers the Great Plain/Duna area of Hungary?

A

Duna-Tisza IGP

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71
Q

What is “Imperial Tokay”?

A

Historical name used for wine produced on the vineyard properties of the Austrian Habsburg emperors in the Tokaj region of Hungary.

Typically the finest eszencia produced from 1867 to 1918 at the end of WWI and the collapse of the Austrio-Hungarian Empire was reserved for the Imperial Cellars for the Hapsburg Monarchy and called “Imperial Tokay”

These holdings were principally concentrated in the village of Tarcal, particularly the highly prized vineyard of Szarvas.

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72
Q

What are 3 First Growth Vineyards of Tokaj?

A

Szarvas
Betsek
Mezes Maly
Szt. Tamas

73
Q

What is the name of the winery in Slovakia where Egon Muller produces wine?

A

Château Bela

74
Q

In what country is the Molesti MIci winery? Why is it famous?

A

Moldova; contains the largest wine cellar in the world

75
Q

What are the top 3 red grapes produced in the Sopron PDO?

A

Blaurfankisch
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

76
Q

What is a Buschenschank?

A

These are wine taverns found in Sopron PDO and they are licensed to sell wine to the neighborhood.

77
Q

Where is the Spern Steiner vineyard? What is it considered?

A

Sopron PDO; considered in the 1680s to be the finest vineyard site in Western Hungary/Sopron

78
Q

What grapes produce the highest quality red wines in Villany PDO? What about the every day drinking reds?

A

Finest reds are typically Bordeaux blends particularly from Cab and Cab Franc and the everyday drinking reds are Blaufrankisch and Portugieser. Pinot Noir and Syrah are also made here but with less successful results when compared to BDX varietals.

79
Q

Where is Keknelyu grown?

A

Very rare but revered white grape grown on the north shore of Lake Balafon in the Badacsony PDO

80
Q

What PDO produces the best wines from and has the most plantings of Juhfark?

A

Somlo PDO; white grape that produces tart, white and age worthy wines.

81
Q

The Hungarian grape Zeta is a crossing of what grapes? What was this grape formerly known as?

A

Furmint x Bouvier
Formerly known as Oremus

82
Q

What resulted in many of the lands between the Danube and Tisza rivers being planted to vineyards?

A

The discovery that phylloxera could not survive in sandy soils.

83
Q

What was Zsigmond Teleki’s contribution to Hungarian viticulture?

A

He bred the famous rootstock 5 BB Teleki that was perfectly suited to producing high quality wines in the desolate calcareous soils of Villany

84
Q

What was Monimpex?

A

This was the Hungarian State Controlled wine trading company for exports following WWII prior to the late 1980s when free market and private enterprise was restored following the falling of the Iron Curtain.

85
Q

What country does the Tokaj wine region border?

A

Slovakia

86
Q

What is the Danube River called in Hungary?

A

Duna

87
Q

What is the region in Hungary west of the Danube? What about immediately east?

A

West: Transdanubia aka Dunantul
East: The Great Plain

88
Q

What are the top soils of the Great Plain of Hungary?

A

Sand and Loess

89
Q

What are the soils like around Lake Balaton?

A

Basalt with clay and sandstone

90
Q

Gamza in Bułgaria is known as what in Hungary?

A

Kadarka

91
Q

In what region are you most likely to find wines from Kadarka in Hungary?

A

Szekszard PDO

92
Q

What is Welschriesling called in Hungary?

A

Olaszrisling

93
Q

What is Gruner-Veltliner called in Hungary?

A

Zoldveltelini

94
Q

What are two synonyms for Riesling in Hungary?

A

Rajnaj Rizling and Rheinriesling

95
Q

What is Szurkeberet?

A

Hungarian synonym for Pinot Gris

96
Q

What are PDOs called in Hungary? IGPs?

A

PDOs are called OEMs
PGIs are called OFJs

97
Q

What are the three bodies of water in Transdanubia/Dununtul that most significantly influence viticulture there?

A

Lake Balaton
Neusiedlersee
Duna/Danube River

98
Q

The Csopak Kodex is an association formed to relegate the production of wines from what grape where?

A

Olaszrizling from the Balatonfured-Csopak PDO in Transdanubia.

99
Q

What are the top four white grapes of Somlo PDO?

A

Juhfark
Traminer/Gewurztraminer
Olaszrizling/Welshriesling
Harslevelu

100
Q

Who is considered the first to make traditional sparkling wine in the Tokaj region in 2002?

A

Vincel Garamvari at Chateau Vincent

101
Q

What is the soil type of the top vineyard sites in Sopron PDO?

A

Schist

102
Q

Neszmely PDO and More PDO are best known for what style of wines?

A

Crisp, white wines mostly from Olaszrizling and Sauvignon Blanc

103
Q

What red grape performs the best in Villany PDO?

A

Cabernet Franc

104
Q

What PDO of Hungary is home to Antinori’s Hungarian winery? What is the winery called?

A

Tolna PDO
Tuzko Estate

105
Q

What Tuzko Estate’s (Antinori) top wine produced?

A

Flinstone Hill Cuvee

106
Q

Who produces Flinstone Hill Cuvee and what are the grapes?

A

Antinori’s Tuzko Estate
70/30 Cab Franc/Merlot

107
Q

What is the warmest PDO of Hungary?

A

Pecs PDO

108
Q

What is the southernmost PDO in Hungary?

A

Villany PDO

109
Q

What are 4 wine region PDOs of the Northern Massif of Hungary?

A

Matra PDO
Eger PDO
Tokaj PDO
Bukk PDO

110
Q

How did Bikaver aka Bull’s Blood get its name?

A

It was during the 16th century when the Turks laid siege to the Ottomans at Eger. The Turks said the defenders of Eger were so fortified with red wine that it stained their beards leading the Turks to believe the Ottomans drank Bull’s Blood prior to the fight which ended in Turkish retreat.

111
Q

Prior to phylloxera what was Egri Bikaver primarily based on?

A

Kadarka; but after phylloxera this grape struggled to graft to American rootstock and was supplanted by Blaufrankisch

112
Q

What is the Great Plain called in Hungarian?

A

Afold

113
Q

Wine produced from the vineyards between the Dune and Tisza Rivers qualifies for what PGI?

A

Duna-Tisza PGI

114
Q

Eger is at the base of what mountains?

A

Bukk Mountains

115
Q

What region is home to the Nagy-Eged Hill? What is the unique soil type of this vineyard?

A

Eger PDO; highest altitude site in Hungary and highest quality site in the region.

Not volcanic like all the other vineyard sites around it. Instead it is Triassic limestone and calcareous.

116
Q

What are three wineries that produce from the Nagy-Eged Hill?

A

Kovacs-Nimrod
Grof Buttler Winery
St Andrea

117
Q

What are the grape requirements for Egri Bikaver?

A

Must be a blend of at least 4 grapes including 30-50% Kekfrankos. No one grape may make up less than 5% or more than 50%

118
Q

For how long must grapes be macerated for Egri Classicus Bikaver? Superior and Grand Superior?

A

Min 8 days for Classicus Bikaver; Min 14 days for Superior and Grand Superior

119
Q

Which Bikaver requires more Kekfrankos and also requires the presence of Kadarka?

A

Szekszard PDO

120
Q

Which mountain range is most influential on the Tokaj OEM?

A

Zemplen Mountains

120
Q

The Zemplen Mountains are a defining geographical feature of what PDO/OEM?

A

Tokaj PDO/OEM

121
Q

What is the main soil type of Szarvas near Tarcal?

A

Loess

122
Q

Why do the best dry wines of Tokaj come from the higher altitude vineyards?

A

Because these tend to be cooler and drier so much less botrytis forms on grapes here.

123
Q

What level of ripeness according to the German Oechsle scale are Tokaj Szamorodni closest to? What style of wine are these wines most comparable to in expression?

A

Similar to Auslese in level of ripeness; most similar in expression to Vin Jaune from the Jura as these are often matured under film-forming yeast similar to that found in Vin Jaune.

124
Q

What was Szamorodni traditionally known as? What did this name mean?

A

Fobor; meant main wine

125
Q

What is the min RS for Szamorodni Edes?

A

Min 45g/L but these wines are regularly 80-120g/L RS

126
Q

How is Szamordoni wine aged?

A

Aged for a minimum 6 months in barrel but most are aged for 2-3 years. Often aged under film-forming yeast like Vin Jaune and shows an oxidative character.

127
Q

What are the dry and sweet styles of Szamordoni known as respectively?

A

Szaraz (dry)
Edes (Sweet)

128
Q

Is barrel aging for Tokaj wines labeled Késői szüretelésű bor aka “Late Harvest” or “Cuvee” mandatory?

A

No, these wines are not required by law to be mandatorily aged in barrel like Tokaj Aszu and Tokaj Szamorodni are.

129
Q

What is the min RS for Tokaj Aszu?

A

Min 120g/L

130
Q

What is the min RS for Tokaj Esszencia?

A

Min 450g/L

131
Q

What is “muci” as it applies to Tokaj production?

A

Fermenting must that Aszu berries are added to and then fermented with for the creation of Tokaj Aszu.

132
Q

What is the min RS for Tokaj Aszu / 3-5 Puttonyos? Aszueszencia? 6 Puttonyos? Eszencia?

A

Tokaji Aszú / 3-5 Puttonyos: Min 120g/L
Aszueszencia: Min 150g/L
6 Puttonyos: 180g/L
Eszencia: Min 450g/L

133
Q

What is the min RS for Szamorodni Edes?

A

Min 45g/L

134
Q

What is Tokaj Forditas?

A

Tokaj produced by refermenting wine or must poured on Tokaj Aszu paste (Marc) left after pressing sweet wines.

134
Q

What is the max RS for Szamordoni Szaraz?

A

Max 9g/L

135
Q

What is the min RS for Tokaj Forditas?

A

Min 45g/L

136
Q

What is the Madi Kor or Circle of Mad as it applies to Tokaj production?

A

The Madi Kor or Circle of Mad is a growers’ association located in Tokaj committed to elevating the status and quality of the region’s wines by adhering to stricter quality standards for viticulture and winemaking that what the government suggests and championing top vineyard sites within the areas around the town of Mad.

137
Q

What are three members of the Circle of Mad?

A

Kiralyudvar
Oremus
Royal Tokaj Co.
Istvan Szepsy

138
Q

Hugh Johnson is most associated with what Tokaj estate?

A

Royal Tokaj Co.

139
Q

The Hwang family that owns Domaine Huet also owns which Tokaj estate?

A

Kiralyudvar

140
Q

In what country is the Dobrogea wine region located in?

A

Romania; it is said that viticulture started in Romania first here 4,000 years ago.

141
Q

Which two mountain ranges most significantly influence the wine regions of Romania?

A

Transylvanian Alps and the Carpathian Mountains

142
Q

What is a direct producer?

A

French Hybrid

143
Q

What are the two most planted white grapes of Romania?

A

Feteasca Alba
Feteasca Regala

144
Q

What is Welschriesling known as in Romania?

A

Riesling Italico; often called just Riesling in Romania

145
Q

Tamaioasa Romaneasca is a local Romanian clone of what grape?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

146
Q

What are the top two red grapes planted in Romania?

A

Merlot is the most-planted and Cabernet Sauvignon is second-most

147
Q

What is quickly becoming Romania’s flagship red indigenous grape?

A

Feteasca Neagra

148
Q

What is Burgand Mare in Romania a synonym for?

A

Blaufrankisch

149
Q

What is the PDO level of wine for Romania? What are the three supplemental classifications of this level?

A

Denumire de Origine Controlată / DOC

DOC-CMD: wines harvested at full maturity

DOC-CT: Late Harvest wines

DOC-CIB: Late Harvest/Botrytized sweet wines

150
Q

What does DOC-CT indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Late Harvest PDO wine

151
Q

What does DOC-CIB indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Late Harvest/Botrytized sweet PDO wineW

152
Q

What does DOC-CMD indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Fully mature grapes when ripe PDO wine

153
Q

What is the PGI level of wine called in Romania?

A

Vin cu Indicație Geografica

154
Q

What does “Vin de Vinoteca” indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Wine has been aged for a minimum of 1 year in oak and 4 months in bottle.

155
Q

What does “Rezerva” indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

A

Wine has been aged for a min 6 months in oak and 6 months in bottle

156
Q

What is the oldest and most important PDO in regards to quality wine in the Transylvania wine region?

A

Tarnave DOC

157
Q

The Moldovan Hills are on the eastern slopes of what mountains?

A

Carpathian Mountains

158
Q

What is Romania’s northern-most and largest viticulture area?

A

Cotnari PDO

159
Q

What grape is responsible for the famed sweet wines of Cotnari PDO?

A

Grasa

160
Q

Bucharest is the capitol city of what country?

A

Romania

161
Q

What grape is said to provide Frankinsence aromas to wines from Cotnari DOC?

A

Romaneasca

162
Q

When blended, what is the min percentage of Grasa that must be present in Cotnari DOC?

A

min 30%

163
Q

What is the most important DOC of the Dobrogea wine region?

A

Murfatlar DOC

164
Q

Chateau Purcari “Negru de Purcari” is the most famous red wine produced from what country? What is the blend?

A

Moldova; Blend of mostly Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi, and Rara Neagra and aged for 18 months in French Barrique

165
Q

What are three producers located in Bulgaria?

A

New Bloom
Castra Rubra (M. Rolland)
Terra Tangra

166
Q

What is the Danube called in Bulgaria?

A

Dunav

167
Q

What country borders the Struma Valley in Bulgary to the south?

A

Greece

168
Q

Wine made by the Kartveli people is made in what country?

A

Georgia

169
Q

What is Chacha as it applies to Georgia?

A

Georgian equivalent to marc or grappa

170
Q

What is another name for qvevri in Western Georgia?

A

Churi

171
Q

What is the defining difference between qvevri and tinajas or clay amphorae?

A

qvevri require everything to be added (stems, stalks, and grapes) and also the vessel is permanently buried underground.

172
Q

What are two other white grapes in addition to Rkatsiteli grown in Georgia for quality wines?

A

Khikhvi
Kisi

173
Q

What is the largest wine growing region in Georgia?

A

Kakheti

174
Q

The vineyards of Kakheti lie at the foothills of what mountain range?

A

Caucasus Mountains

175
Q

What two wine regions account for most of Georgia’s vineyard area?

A

Kakheti and Kartli

176
Q

What are three wineries located in Georgia?

A

Tsinandali
Telavi Wine Cellar
Teliani Valley

177
Q

Krasnodar Krai is the top wine producing region of what country?

A

Russia

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