Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HumanBioSciences > Lymphatic and Immune systems > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Immune systems Flashcards

1
Q

Four main functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • lymphatic capillaries absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream
  • Lymphatic capillaries called lacteals in the small intestine absorb dietary fats and transport them to the bloodstream
  • Production, maintenance and distribution of lymphocytes in the body
  • Helps in defense against pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymph is a milky fluid containing

A
  • White blood cells
  • Proteins
  • Fats
  • Occasionally bacteria and viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lymph nodes remove____

A

microorganisms, debris and abnormal cells from lymph and cleanse the lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nodes are composed of

A

connective tissue, macrophages and lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what transport lymphs

A

lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nodes acts as

A

filters, cleansing the lymph as it passes through them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the spleen located

A

located in upper left abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two regions of spleen

A

red pulp

white pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

red pulp

A

removes old and damaged red blood cells

temporary blood storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

White pulp

A

contains lymphocytes, searching pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disease that cause spleen enlargement

A

Infectious mononucleosis, leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thymus

A

Located behind the sternum, above heart

Site of maturation of T cells (T lymphocytes)

Largest and most active during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lymphatic organs

A
  • tonsils
  • adenoids
  • peyer patches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tonsils

A

Filter food and air entering the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adenoids

A

Located at the back of the nasal passages and filters air entering the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peyer patches

A

Found in the intestinal walls and the appendix

Fight infections that come in via the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Immunity

A

killing or removing foreign substances, pathogens and cancer cells from our body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two branches of our immune system:

A

innate and adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

innate

A

Fully functional without previous exposure to a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adaptive

A

is initiated when exposed to a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Innate (nonspecific defenses) immune defenses include

A
  • physical and chemical barriers
  • the inflammatory response
  • protective proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

innate defenses have no ____________.

A

recognition of a pathogen , and no memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The first line of defense

A

Skin- an effective deterrent

tears and saliva- contain lysozyme

Ear wax - entraps microorganisms

Mucus- entraps microorganisms

Stomach- highly acidic, inhibits microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Second line of defense

A

-Phagocytic cells : white blood cells that surround and engulf invading bacteria
neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils

  • inflammation : redness, warmth , swelling
  • natural killer cells : a type of lymphocyte that attacks tumor cells and virus-infected cells
  • fever response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Third line to defence

A

the immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

characteristics of the immune response

A
  • Recognizes and targets specific pathogens and foreign substances
  • Has “memory”- remembers initial exposure and responds more quickly and aggressively on subsequent exposure
  • Able to distinguish between “self” body cells and foreign “non-self” invaders or healthy cells and abnormal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that triggers an immune response

28
Q

Two pathways of adaptive immunity :

A

Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated

29
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Cell-mediated

30
Q

What T lymphocytes do?

A

Directly attack on specific foreign cells

Coordinate the immune response
Active against parasites, viruses, fungi, intracellular bacteria, cancer cells

31
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Antibody-mediated immunity

32
Q

In antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity) , ________

A

B cells produce antibodies that bind to free antigens in body fluids and neutralize specific antigens

33
Q

B cells are activate when they recognise

A

an antigen

34
Q

B cells can be divided into two cell types which are

A

memory cells and plasma cells

35
Q

memory cells

A

store information for future immune responses

36
Q

plasma cells

A

actively secrete antibodies, which will bind to antigen

37
Q

Antibodies also known as

A

Immunoglobulins

38
Q

Classes of antibodies

A 
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE
39
Q

IgG

A

most prevalent in the blood

40
Q

IgM

A

first antibody produced in an immune response

41
Q

IgA

A

found in body secretions, including breast milk

42
Q

IgD

A

function is unclear

43
Q

IgE

A

plays a key role in allergic responses

44
Q

T cells : Cell mediated immunity originate from ______

A

stem cells in the bone marrow, mature in the thymus

45
Q

Types of T cells

A

Helper T-cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
Memory T-cells

46
Q

Helper T cells

A

Secrete cytokines, which stimulate other immune system cells

Play a key role in directing the immune response

Are targets of HIV infection

47
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Directly attack and destroy abnormal cells and foreign cells

48
Q

Memory T cells

A

Reactivate during later exposures

49
Q

types of immune memory

A

primary immune response

Secondary immune response

50
Q

Primary immune response occurs

A

on first exposure to antigen

51
Q

Characteristics of primary immune response

A

Lag time of 3-6 days of antibody production

peal at 10-12 days

52
Q

Secondary immune response occurs

A

on second and subsequent exposure to antigen

53
Q

Characteristics of secondary immune response

A
  • Lag time in hours
  • Peak in days
  • Much more antibody produced
54
Q

Active immunization

A

Intentionally expose individual to form of the antigen that doesn’t produce disease

also known as vaccination

55
Q

Passive immunization

A

Administer protective antibodies to an individual

56
Q

Tissue rejection

A

May occur following or organ transplant if recipient’s immune system attacks the transplanted tissue

57
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs

A

prevent patient’s immune system from attacking transplanted tissue

58
Q

allergen

A

any substances that causes an allergic reaction (not a pathogen by the body reacts as though it is a pathogen)

59
Q

Examples of allergens

A

Pollen
Bee Venom
Foods
Oil from poision ivy plan

60
Q

Excessive inflammatory response mediated by

A
  • IgE
  • Basophils and mast cells
  • histamine
61
Q

localized

A

affect only the area exposed

62
Q

systemic

A

affect several organ systems

63
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

severe life-threatening systemic reaction (difficulty breathing, circulatory collapse)

64
Q

Autoimmune disorders

A
  • Inability of immune sytem to distinguish “self” from “non-self”
  • Autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells target the body’s own tissues
65
Q

Examples of Autoimmune disorders

A

Lupus eythematosis

Rheumatiod arthritis

66
Q

Immune deficiency: The special case of AIDS

A

AIDS: acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome

caused by infection with HIV

HIV targets helper T cells

HIV attaches to CD4 receptors of T helper cell, and gains entry to the cell

HumanBioSciences (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions