Respiratory Lecture: Restrictive respiratory disorders, a

Question 1

Restrictive lung

disorders

Answer 1

A restrictive lung disorder occurs
where the ability of the chest
wall and diaphragm to move
with respiration are restricted or
impaired

Question 2

Restrictive lung

disorders types

Answer 2

extrapulmonary, where the lung
tissue is normal or
intrapulmonary, where the lung
tissue or pleura cause the
constriction

Question 3

Extrapulmonary

Answer 3

cns
neuromuscular
chest walll

Question 4

cns

Answer 4

•Head injury, CNS lesion (tumour,
stroke)
•Opioid and barbiturate use

Question 5

neuromuscular

Answer 5

Neuromuscular system
• Spinal cord injury
•Guillian-Bare syndrome
• Myasthenia gravis
• Muscular dystrophy

Question 6

chest wall

Answer 6

Chest wall trauma (flail chest)
•Obesity –hypoventilation syndrome
• Kyphoscoliosis

Question 7

Intrapulmonary

Answer 7

Pleural disorders

Parenchymal disorders

Question 8

Pleural disorders

Answer 8

• Pleural effusion
• Pleurisy
• Pneumothorax (already discussed
with trauma)

Question 9

Parenchymal disorder

Answer 9

• Atelectasis
• Pneumonia (already discussed with
infections)
• Interstitial lung disease
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)

Question 10

Pleural effusion

Answer 10

Pleural effusion is
an abnormal
collection of fluid in
the pleural space. It
is an indication of
underlying
problem/disease
process

Question 11

Chest X-Ray

Answer 11

Signs and symptoms =
dyspnea, cough and
occasional sharp,
non-radiating chest
pain that is worse on
inhalation
Management = treat
underlying cause,
drain collection
(UWSD), pleurodesis

Question 12

Atelectasis

Answer 12

Collapsed, airless alveoli.
Mucus blocks bronchioles and the air beyond the
blockage is absorbed leaving an airless alveoli.

Question 13

Atelectasis affect and lead

Answer 13

Can affect a lung segment, lobe or entire lung (on
occasion)
Can lead to pneumonia when bacteria grow in stagnant
mucus

Question 14

Most common cause;

Atelectasis

Answer 14

Obstruction of the small airways with secretions
(common in bedridden patients, elderly, patients who
have had major abdominal or thoracic surgery and
those who smoke)

Question 15

Nursing diagnosis include

Atelectasis

Answer 15

•Ineffective airway clearance related to
ineffective cough, pain, obstruction
•Impaired gas exchange related to
hypoventilation

Question 16

Atelectasis

Nursing action;

Answer 16

✓Encourage deep breathing and
coughing exercises
✓Incentive spirometer can assist
✓Adequate analgesia
✓Teach patient how to splint incisions
when coughing

Question 17

Interstitial lung disease

Answer 17

Diverse group of lung diseases (more than 200 types)
that are characterised by inflammation and or fibrosis
of the pulmonary interstitium

Question 18

Interstitial lung disease type

Answer 18

They are chronic and progressive
Treatment is aimed at reducing exposure to causative
agent (where known) and treating the underlying
disease process. Often the cause is unknown as in IPF.
Prognosis is poor

Question 19

Interstitial lung disease therapy

Answer 19

Supportive therapies, pharmacological therapies, lung

transplantation if suitable candidate