Renal and urinary tract cancers a

Question 1

Urinary Tract

Cancers

Answer 1

• Kidney and renal pelvis
• Bladder
• Prostate gland
• Urethra

Question 2

Bladder Cancer

Answer 2

Most common between the ages of 60-70 yrs
• More common in men than women
• Risk factors: cigarette smoking, exposure to dyes (rubber and cable industries), chronic recurrent renal calculi, chronic lower UTI’s, long term indwelling catheters
• Clinical manifestations: visible, painless haematuria; voiding changes, pelvic or back pain
• Diagnosis: cystoscopy
• Treatment: cauterisation; transurethral resection; cystectomy and urinary diversion procedures (i.e. ileal conduit); chemotherapy

Question 3

Urinary Diversions

Answer 3

“Urinary diversion procedures are performed to divert urine from the
bladder to a new exit site, usually through a surgically created opening
(stoma) in the skin.”

Question 4

Reasons for urinary diversion can include

Answer 4

bladder cancer or other pelvic malignancies, birth defects, trauma, strictures, neurogenic bladder,
chronic infection or intractable cystitis; used as a last resort for
incontinence.

Question 5

Cutaneous
urinary
diversions

Answer 5

conventional ileal conduit
cutaneous ureterostomy
vesicotomy
nephrostomy

Question 6

conventional ileal conduit

Answer 6

The surgeant transplants ureter to an isolated section of the terminal ileum, bringing one end to the abdominal wall.

Question 7

cutaneous ureterostomy

Answer 7

The surgeon brings the detached ureter through the abdominal wall and attaches it it to an opening in the skin

Question 8

vesicotomy

Answer 8

the surgeon suturesthe bladder to the abdominal wall and creates an opening ( stoma) through the abdominal wall for urinary damage

Question 9

nephrostomy

Answer 9

inserts a cather into the renal pelvis via incision in the flank or by percutaneous catether placement into the kidney

Question 10

Continent
Urinary
Diversions

Answer 10

indiana pouch
continent ileal urinary diversion
Kock pouch
Ureterosigmoidostomy

Question 11

indiana pouch

Answer 11

introduce the ureter into a segment i an ileum or caecum. Urine is drained periodically by inserting cather into the stoma

Question 12

continent ileal urinary diversion

Answer 12

the surgeon transplant the ureter to an isolated segment in the bowel, ascending colon or and develops an effective continence mechanism or valve.
urine is drained by insertinga cather in the stoma

Question 13

Kock pouch

Answer 13

can be modified by attaching one end of the pouch to the urethra allowing normal voiding

Question 14

Ureterosigmoidostomy

Answer 14

introduces the ureter sigmoid colon, therefore allowing urine to flow through the colon

Question 15

Nursing Diagnoses – Urinary diversions

Preoperatively

Answer 15

• Anxiety

* Knowledge deficit

Question 16

Postoperatively

Answer 16

• Risk of impaired skin integrity
• Acute pain
• Disturbed body image
• Potential for sexual dysfunction
• Knowledge deficit