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COVID Bio > 3.1 Biological Elements > Flashcards

3.1 Biological Elements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 most abundant elements present in biological molecules?

A 
C - carbon
O - oxygen
H - hydrogen
N - nitrogen
S - sulfur
P - phosphorus
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2
Q

How many bonds can C, N, O and H form?

A

H - 1 bond with another atom
O - 2 bonds with other atoms
N - 3 bonds with other atoms
C - 4 bonds with other atoms

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3
Q

What is a cation?

A

Atom that has lost electrons.

+ charge

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4
Q

What is an anion?

A

Atom that has gained electrons.

- charge

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5
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Ions in solution

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6
Q

What is the function of (Ca2+) calcium cations?

A
  • nerve impulse transmission

* muscle contraction

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7
Q

What is the function of (Na+) sodium cations?

A
  • nerve impulse transmission

* kidney function

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8
Q

What is the function of (K+) potassium cations?

A
  • nerve impulse transmission

* stomatal opening

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9
Q

What is the function of (H+) hydrogen cations?

A
  • catalysis of reactions

* pH determination

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10
Q

What is the function of (NH4+) ammonium cations?

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

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11
Q

What is the function of (NO3-) nitrate anions?

A

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein production

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12
Q

What is the function of (HCO3-) hydrogen carbonate anions?

A

Maintenance of blood pH

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13
Q

What is the function of (Cl-) chloride anions?

A

Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

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14
Q

What is the function of (PO43-) phosphate anions?

A

Cell membrane + nucleic acid + ATP + bone formation

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15
Q

What is the function of (OH-) hydroxide anions?

A
  • Catalysis of reactions

* pH determination

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16
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

A

C, O, H

17
Q

What elements are lipids made of?

A

C, O, H

18
Q

What elements are proteins made of?

A

C, O, H, N, S

19
Q

What elements are nucleic acids made of?

A

P, O, N, C, H

20
Q

What are polymers?

A

Long-chain molecules made by linking multiple monomers in a repeating pattern

21
Q

What are the monomers in carbohydrates?

A

Saccharides

22
Q

What are the monomers in proteins?

A

Amino acids

COVID Bio (24 decks)

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