Ch. 1-Communication Disorders and Clinical Services

Question 1

What distinguishes SLPs from other healthcare professionals?

Answer 1

They identify, evaluate, treat, and stop communication disorders of all modalities (including writing, pictures, speech, actions) both receptively and expressively.

Question 2

What is augmentative/alternative communication?

Answer 2

ways for those with communication disorders to communicate

Question 3

What is effectiveness?

Answer 3

chance of benefitting from an intervention method under average circumstances; A.K.A what works in the real world

Question 4

What are central auditory processing disorders?

Answer 4

subset of hearing disorders; failing to process information from auditory signals but they can still hear the signals

Question 5

What is a hearing disorder?

Answer 5

type of communication disorder; auditory system is less sensitive to sound, because it’s impaired or weakened

Question 6

What is a language scientist?

Answer 6

one who investigates how children learn their native tongue

Question 7

What is a speech disorder?

Answer 7

type of communication disorder; hearing one’s speech and the sounds they are making are unusual, the flow of speech is interrupted, or qualities of voice (e.g. pitch, loudness, resonance, intonation) are missing or unusually produced.

Question 8

What is the IDEA?

Answer 8

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA); established new early intervention services and birth to age 6 programs; it was renamed from the EAHCA ACT of 1975

Question 9

What is a communication disorder?

Answer 9

being unable to receive, send, process, and understand ideas or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic information.

Question 10

What are central auditory processing disorders known as?

Answer 10

auditory processing disorders

Question 11

What is a peer-review article?

Answer 11

articles that are scrutinized by experts in that given field and accepted or rejected based on the quality of research

Question 12

What is efficacy?

Answer 12

the chance of benefitting from an intervention method under ideal circumstances. Used in regards to a clearly identified population, focused treatment protocol, and a method done under prime conditions

Question 13

What is an audiologist?

Answer 13

specialists who determine hearing ability and identify, evaluate, manage, and prevent disorders of hearing and balance and of auditory processing disorders

Question 14

What is a speech scientist?

Answer 14

one who does research on the A&P of speech-sound production and the physics of speech-sound production; they are involved in creating speech used in telephone answering systems and in making voices for people who can’t talk to use

Question 15

What is resonance?

Answer 15

quality of a sound being described as full and deep

Question 16

What is a functional disorder?

Answer 16

an impairment that you can not explain to be caused by structure, mucosa, or neurology; can be psychogenic

Question 17

What is a language disorder?

Answer 17

Difficulty in understanding and/or using spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

Question 18

What is an organic disorder?

Answer 18

an impairment that has a known etiology or cause

Question 19

What is efficiency?

Answer 19

using the quickest method that involves the least effort and yield the greatest possible benefit, including unintended consequences

Question 20

What is a speech language pathologist?

Answer 20

one who offer a myriad of services related to communication disorders and to disorders of swallowing.

Question 21

What is ethical decision making?

Answer 21

reason + research regarding decision making

Question 22

What is a hearing scientist?

Answer 22

one who investigate the nature of sound, hearing, and noise; they help make equipment that’s used to test hearing; help make equipment that’s used to test infants and those w/ severe physical or psychological impairements

Question 23

What is a functional hearing loss?

Answer 23

false loss of hearing that cannot be explained as a known organic disorder.

Question 24

What are examples of congenital organic disorders?

Answer 24

cerebral palsy and cleft lip palate

Question 25

What characterizes a cognitive disorder?

Answer 25

deficits in memory, planning, sequencing, organization, self-awareness

Question 26

What are examples of augmentative or alternative ways of communication?

Answer 26

facial expressions, symbols, pictures, and gestures

Question 27

What does clinical decision making become when using EBP?

Answer 27

a mix of scientific evidence + clinical experience + client needs

Question 28

In the US, when did speech therapists show up?

Answer 28

in the 1800s

Question 29

In the US, when did audiologists show up?

Answer 29

in the 1920s

Question 30

When did the organized group of practitioners (pre-ASHA) begin?

Answer 30

in the early 1900s

Question 31

What year was ASHA’s name finalized?

Answer 31

1978

Question 32

What is prevalence?

Answer 32

the number, or percentage of people within a specified population who have a particular disorder or condition at a given time (both old and new cases)

Question 33

What is another feature of a speech disorder?

Answer 33

Disruption in speech sounds (articulation/production) and/or the planning of speech sounds (spoonerism/ Apraxia)

Question 34

What is another definition of central auditory processing disorders?

Answer 34

Deficits in information processing, but with intact hearing abilities

Question 35

What are examples of receptive communication disorders?

Answer 35

Hearing impairments, writing language comprehension problems, auditory processing, decoding

Question 36

What are examples of expressive communication impairments?

Answer 36

Speech, writing, verbal, and content

Question 37

What does Scope of practice refer to?

Answer 37

Refers to the extent that SLPs and Audiologists can practice in various settings

Question 38

What is the purpose of the scope of practice document?

Answer 38

To state where SLPs and Audiologists can practice, to inform others about professional roles and the responsibilities, to support SLPs in providing excellent care, to support SLPs in the effort and spread of research, govern the educational preparation and professional development of SLPs to provide safe and effective services.

Question 39

What are the eight domains of SLP service delivery?

Answer 39

Collaboration, counseling, prevention and wellness, screening, assessment, treatment, and modalities

Question 40

What are the 9 practice areas that SLPs work with?

Answer 40

Speech recognition, resonance, voice, language, cognition, fluency, swallowing, feeding, auditory rehabilitation/habilitation

Question 41

What does psychogenic mean?

Answer 41

It describes a disorder or disease caused by a psychological order.

Question 42

What are 4 characteristics of Ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 42

Hard to walk and talk, reduced speech intelligibility, volatile ranges in pitch and loudness, slow and irregular rate of speech.

Question 43

What are the 8 domains of SLP service delivery?

Answer 43

Collaboration, counseling, modalities, technology, and instrumentation, education, assessment, treatment, wellness, prevention

Question 44

What are the 3 features involved in intonation?

Answer 44

Increase in volume, increase the length of voice, and raise the pitch

Question 45

What is likely to occur in people over age 75?

Answer 45

People have less flexibility for word retrieval and make more language form errors: and memory decline can happen

Question 46

When did organizers of practitioners for speech start?

Answer 46

In the early 1900s