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NCIDQ - IDFX > Chapter 16: Finishes > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

What is strip wood flooring?

A

Consists of thin strips from 3/8” to 25/32” thick of varying lengths with tongue and groove edges. Most strip flooring is 1 1/2”-2 1/4” wide.

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2
Q

What is plank wood flooring?

A

Comes in the same thickness as strip but is 3 1/4”-8” wide.

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3
Q

What is block wood flooring?

A

Made of preassembled wood flooring in three basic configurations.

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4
Q

What is unit block wood flooring?

A

Standard strip flooring assembled into a unit held together with steel or wood splines.

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5
Q

What is laminated block wood flooring?

A

Made from 3-7 plies of cross-laminated wood veneer.

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6
Q

What is parquet wood flooring?

A

Made of preassembled units of several small, thin slats of wood in a variety of patterns.

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7
Q

What is end-grain block wood flooring?

A

Solid pieces of wood from 2 1/4”-4” thick laid on end. Very durable and resistant to oils, mild chemicals, and indentation.

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8
Q

What types of wood species are considered sustainable products?

A

Bamboo - which is actually a grass; milled with tongue and groove edges; almost as hard and twice as stable as oak/maple
Palm wood - by-product from plantation-grown coconut palms; hard and more stable than maple, red oak, and white oak.

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9
Q

How are wood floors installed?

A

Method 1 - Plywood is attached to the concrete to provide a nailable base. A layer of polyethylene film is laid down first if moisture may be a problem.
Method 2 - Wood flooring is laid on wood sleepers. Give a more resilient floor that is more comfortable underfoot, but it also provides an air space so any excess moisture can escape.
In both instances a gap is left at the perimeter to allow for expansion and is concealed with the wood base.
A layer of #15 asphalt felt may be laid to prevent squeaking and act as a vapor barrier.

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10
Q

What is engineered wood flooring?

A

Consists of three, five, seven layers of wood veneer, each oriented at 90 degrees to the adjacent ones, like plywood. The top layer is the actual finished wood species. More dimensionally solid.

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11
Q

Describe granite stone.

A

Igneous rock with visible grain. Polished, honed, fine-rubbed, rubbed, flame finishes are possible.

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12
Q

Describe marble stone.

A

Metamorphic rock formed by layers of shells that, under heat and pressure, form into a composition of crystalline grains of calcite and/or dolomite. Polished, honed, abrasive, wet-sand finish.

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13
Q

Describe limestone.

A

Most commonly used in exterior surfaces. Travertine is used indoors, light creamy color, holes that need to be filled with resin.

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14
Q

Describe slate.

A

Fine-grain metamorphic rock that is easily split into thin slabs, making it ideal for flooring as well as roofing. A natural cleft finish shows the surface as it is cleaved from the rock.

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15
Q

Describe sandstone.

A

Sedimentary rock made of sand and other substances.

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16
Q

Describe stone flooring installation

A

Thin-set installation - Uniform thickness of stone is set on the subfloor with a special thin-set mortar. Less expensive, adds less weight to the floor, faster to install.
Thick-set installation - Requires that a layer of mortar from 3/4”-1 1/4” thick to be applied to a suitably prepared, structurally sound subfloor. Generally best approach and must be used when the subfloor is uneven or when the stone varies in thickness.

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17
Q

How is a cleavage membrane used in thick-set stone flooring installation?

A

Used with steel reinforcing mesh in the mortar bed, this method allows the finish floor to be structurally separate from the subfloor. If the subfloor deflects or moves slightly, the stone flooring is protected from cracking because it is not bonded to the structural floor.

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18
Q

What is terrazzo?

A

Composite material poured in place or precast that is used for floors, walls, and stairs.

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19
Q

What are the advantages of terrazzo?

A

Durability, water resistance, ease of cleaning, fire resistance, and the availability of a wide choice of patterns and colors.

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20
Q

How is terrazzo installed?

A

The sand cushion method is best to avoid cracking because the finish system is physically separated from the structural slab with a membrane. Finished to a smooth surface.

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21
Q

What is resilient flooring?

A

Generic term describing several types of composition materials made from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, and fillers. It is formed under heat and pressure to produce a thin material, either sheets or tiles. Applied with mastic to a subfloor of concrete, plywood, or smooth underlayment.

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22
Q

What is vinyl flooring?

A

Includes tiles and sheet vinyl, resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis, and some acids. Inexpensive, installed below or above grade.

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23
Q

What is rubber flooring?

A

Made from synthetic rubber and offers excellent resistance to deformation under loads, providing a very comfortable, quiet, resilient floor. Not resistant to oils and grease.

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24
Q

What is cork flooring?

A

Made from granulated pieces of bark from the cork oak tree that are bonded together under heat and pressure. Renewable resource.

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25
Q

What is linoleum?

A

Composed of oxidized linseed oil, wood flour, pigments, and fillers applied over a backing of burlap or asphalt-saturated felt.

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26
Q

What is the maximum limit for moisture emission of concrete?

A

3.0 lb/1000 ft2/24 hr when exposed to a 73 degree temperature and 50% relative humidity

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27
Q

How do you test for the moisture emission of concrete?

A

There are various methods but the idea is to place a box or device over the concrete and to test how it traps excess moisture.

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28
Q

What are the various fibers for carpet?

A

Wool (natural material and best for carpet), nylon, acrylic, polyester, olefin.

29
Q

Describe the weaving method of manufacturing carpet?

A

Traditional method of making carpet by interlacing warp and weft yarns. Most expensive.

30
Q

What is wilton carpet?

A

Produced on a Jacquard loom that allows complex patterns to be woven into the carpet and can create several types of surface textures, including level cut-pile, level loop, cut/uncut, and multilevel loop.

31
Q

What is velvet carpet?

A

The simplest form of weaving and places all the pile yarn on the face of the carpet.

32
Q

What is axminster carpet?

A

Made on a modified Jacquard loom that delivers different colors of yarn at different times according to the pattern desired. Had an even, cut-pile surface with a heavily ribbed backing.

33
Q

What is tufting?

A

A process in which the pile yarn is punched through the backing with rows of needles, much like the method employed by a sewing machine.

34
Q

What is needle punching?

A

Similar to tufting except the fiber is pulled through a backing with barbed needles.

35
Q

What is fusion bonding?

A

Embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl. Used primarily for carpet tiles.

36
Q

What factors affect the appearance and durability of a carpet?

A

The amount of yarn in a given area, how tightly that yarn is packed, and the height of the yard.

37
Q

What is the gauge of a carpet?

A

The spacing in fractions of an inch between needles across the width of the carpet.

38
Q

What is the pile height?

A

The height of the fibers from the surface of the backing to the top of the pile.

39
Q

What is the stitch of a carpet?

A

The number of lengthwise tufts in 1”.

40
Q

What is the purpose of carpet backing?

A

Provides support for the pile yarn and gives added strength and dimensional stability to the carpet.

41
Q

What are the different types of carpet cushion?

A

Sponge rubber - natural or synthetic
Felt
Urethane
Foam rubber

42
Q

What is a stretched-in installation of carpet?

A

Tackles strips attached around the perimeter of the room. These strips have embedded, sharp points that face toward the walls.

43
Q

What is the pill test?

A

The test measures the response of a carpet samples to a burning methenamine tablet - to test the flammability of carpet.

44
Q

What is quarry tile?

A

Glazed or unglazed tile, usually 6 in2 or more of facial area, and is made by the extrusion process from natural clay or shale.

45
Q

What is nonvitreous tile?

A

Has a water absorption rate of more than 7%.

46
Q

What is impervious tile?

A

Has a water absorption rate of .5% or less.

47
Q

What are the classifications of abrasion resistance of tile?

A

Group I - light residential
Group 2 - moderate residential
Group 3 - maximum residential
Group 4 - commerical

48
Q

What is laminate flooring?

A

Composed of a clear wearing sheet over a melamine-impregnated decorative printed sheet with core layers of phenolic-impregnated kraft paper. These sheets are laminated to a high-density fiberboard core under heat and pressure and covered with a water-resistant backing sheet.

49
Q

What is seamless flooring?

A

Mixture of resinous matrix, fillers, and decorative materials applied in a liquid or viscous form that cures to a hard, seamless surface. Poured or troweled on a subfloor.
Used where special characteristics are required, such as extreme hardness, severe stain and chemical resistance, or excellent water-resistance, or where cleanliness and ease of cleaning are required.

50
Q

What is a coefficient of friction?

A

A measurement of the degree of slip resistance of a floor surface and ranges from 0 to 1. The higher the COF, the less slippery the surface.

51
Q

What is the minimum COF required for a slip-resistant floor?

A

0.5

52
Q

What are the four components of paint?

A

Binder - gives the paint film integrity and hols the particles of pigment together
Pigments - Finely ground natural or synthetic insoluble materials that give paint its color and concealing abilities
Liquid - The part that keeps the paint fluid until it dries and makes it possible to apply the paint.
Additives - Various components added to the paint to impart certain attributes.

53
Q

What temperature should paint be applied?

A

55-85 degrees

54
Q

If a building was built before which year, there may be lead paint?

A

1978

55
Q

What are VOCs (volatile organic compounds)?

A

Hydrocarbon solvents used in paints, stains, and other products. They are released into the air during the application of coatings and react with nitrous oxides and sunlight to form ozone, the same product caused by automotive exhaust and other pollutants.

56
Q

What is a wallpaper pattern repeat?

A

The distance from one point to the next instance of the same point in the pattern.

57
Q

What is a wallpaper straight match?

A

When one length of wallpaper is aligned with the next piece in a direct horizontal line.

58
Q

What is a wallpaper drop match?

A

If the next piece must be lowered to continue the pattern.

59
Q

What factors must be considered with acoustic panels?

A

The first concerns fabric type - it must be permeable to allow for sound energy to pass through and should not be backed, should be hydrophobic
The second concerns core - can be a loose material or a tackable material.

60
Q

How is stone installed as a wall finish?

A

Slabs are attached to wall substrates with stainless steel wires or ties. These are anchored to the substrate and hold the stone by being set in holes or slots cut into the back or sides of the stone panel.
Lumps of plaster of paris, called spots, are palced between the substrate and the back of the stone panel at each anchor to hold the slab in place and allow for precise alignment before they harden.

61
Q

Calculate the amount of carpet needed for space.

A

See page 16-23

62
Q

What is the nap of a carpet?

A

The direction in which the pile tends to slant.

63
Q

What are the general guidelines for locating seams?

A
  • Minimize the number of seams when possible
  • Avoid placing seams across (perpendicular to) the main path of traffic
  • Avoid running seams perpendicularly into doorways
  • Avoid placing seams where light will make them more apparent
  • Place seams away from major architectural or interior design features
  • Avoid placing seams where traffic is heavy or where the flow of traffic changes direction.
64
Q

How do you calculate carpet on stairs?

A

See page 16-24

65
Q

What is the key for calculating wallpaper correctly.

A

Understand clearly what’s being asked and keep the units straight.

66
Q

How do you calculate the amount of wallpaper needed

(with a half-drop match)?

A

See page 16-26

67
Q

What factors need to be considered when estimating drapery quantities?

A 
The total opening size
The stacking space
The return
Any overlap of two sections of drapery
The amount of fullness of the drapery
68
Q

How do you calculate the amount of drapery needed?

A

See page 16-32

NCIDQ - IDFX (22 decks)

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