Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4: Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelial tissue includes

A

epithelia and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure: cells all lined next to each other, make a lining or covering, avascular layers of cells.
function: covers exposed surfaces lines internal cavities and passageways.
example: skin

A

epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

derived from epithelia, predominately secretory cells

A

glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of glands?

A

endocrine and exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

secrete onto external surfaces and into ducts

A

exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

secrete hormones into interstitial fluid, hormones then distributed into bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

provide physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation, produce specialized secretions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

cellularity, polarity, attachment, vascularity, regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if lining of tube, apical surface is exposed to space inside the tube called the

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 classifications of epithelia

A

shape and layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

squamous

A

thin and flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cuboidal

A

cube shaped, like little boxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

columnar

A

taller than they are wide, slender rectangles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

one layer

A

simple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

multiple layer, found in areas that need more protections

A

stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

attach deepest epithelial cells to basement membranes

A

intercellular connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

between two plasma membranes, prevent passage of H20 and solutes between cells

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

allow rapid communication, found in heart and places with lots of cilia ( adjoining door)

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

provide firm attachment by interlacing adjacent ells’ cytoskeleton, opposing plasma membranes locked together by cell adhesion molecules (glue)

A

desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

absorption, diffusion, and reduction of friction

located in alveoli of lungs and capillary wall

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

protection

located on surface of skin, mouth and throat

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

secretion and absorption and lines the exocrine glands

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

line the sweat ducts and mammary ducts

A

stratified cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

changes shape, stretch, and recoil w/o damage

found ONLY in urinary tracts

A

transitional epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

absorption and movement, line stomach, intestine and gallbladder, uterine tubes, kidney ducts

A

simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tissue type in respiratory tract

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

protection

located in salivary gland ducts

A

stratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

release hormone into interstitial fluid, NO DUCTS

A

endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

produce secretions only epithelial surfaced through DUCTS

A

exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

example of exocrine glands

A

sweat, tears, milk from mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

produced in: Golgi apparatus
released by: vesicles (exocytosis)
example: salivary gland secretion

A

merocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

produced by: Golgi apparatus
released by: cytoplasm
example: mammary glands

A

apocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

produced by: cells bursting, killing gland cells
released by: stem cell division
example: sebaceous gland (oil)

A

holocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

functions of connective tissue

A
  1. establish structural framework for the body
  2. transport fluids and dissolved material
  3. protect delicate organs
  4. support, surround, and interconnect other types of tissues
  5. store energy especially in form of triglycerides
  6. defend the body from invading microorganisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

3 basic components of connective tissue

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. Solid extracellular protein fibers
  3. Fluid called ground substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the matrix is made up of

A
  1. ground substance

2. protein fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

connective tissue proper: _______ & _________

A

connect & protect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

loose connective tissue:

_______ ground substance, _______ fibers

A

more, less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

dense connective tissue:

________ fibers, ________ ground substance

A

more, less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

fluid connective tissue:

A

transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

examples of fluid connective tissue:

A

blood and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is supportive connective tissue used for

A

structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

examples of supportive connective tissue

A

cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What type of fiber is the most common fiber in connective tissue . Long, straight, and unbranched. Strong but flexible

A

Collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Collagen fibers resist force in which direction?

A

One direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is a type of fiber that is a network of interwoven fibers. Strong but flexible . Stabilize functional cells and structures.

A

Reticular fibers

49
Q

Reticular fibers resist force in which direction?

A

Many directions

50
Q

what type of fiber contains elastin and is branched and wavy?

A

Elastic fibers

51
Q

Elastic fibers resist direction in which way?

A

Return to regional shape after stretching

52
Q

What fills shapes between cells and slows pathogen movement

A

Ground substance

53
Q

What does “-blast” mean?

A

build

54
Q

What cell type in connective tissue is the most abundant cell type , synthesizes extracellular fibers, “build “ fibers”

A

Fibroblast

55
Q

What cell type in connective tissue is the second most abundant cell and it maintains the extracellular fibers

A

Fibrocytes

56
Q

What cell type in connective tissue has the purpose of fat cells and storing lipids reserves

A

Adipocytes

57
Q

Stem cells that respond to injury or infection to aid tissue repair

A

Mesenchymal Cells

58
Q

Synthesize and store brown pigment -melanin

A

Melanocytes

59
Q

Cell types that eat pathogens and damaged cells.

A

Macrophages

60
Q

Stimmulate inflammation after injury or infection and mobilize defenses.

A

Mast cells

61
Q

What do mast cells release

A

Histamine and heparin

62
Q

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic cells

A

Lymphocytes

63
Q

Phagocytic blood cells, respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells

A

Microphages

64
Q

the “packing” materials of the body

A

Loose connective tissue

65
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

66
Q

Most common connective tissue proper, least specialized. Packing material of the body. Has all connective tissue proper cell types. Holds blood vessels and capillary beds. Common injection site for drugs due to extensive blood supply.

A

Areolar Tissue

67
Q

Found deep to skin in various areas in body. Forms layers of padding around eyes and kidneys. Cells (adipocytes) account for most of tissue volume. Storage place for lipids

A

Adipose tissue

68
Q

Found in the liver, kidney, spleen , lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Provides support and resist distortion. Many reticular fibers forming network (stroma)

A

Reticular tissue

69
Q

Connective tissue proper tightly packed, high numbers of collagen or elastic fibers

A

Dense connective tissue

70
Q

Collagen arranged in Farrell bundles , found in tendons, ligaments, or sheets

A

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

71
Q

Fibers arranged in meshwork, able to resist tension in many directions, found in layered in skin, perichondrium, periosteum, covering visceral organs

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

72
Q

More elastic fibers than collagen, springy and resident, found between vertebrae and pinwales of large blood vessels

A

Elastic tissue

73
Q

Fluid matrix with suspended protein, only two types

A

Fluid connective tissue

74
Q

What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood and lymph

75
Q

What is the watery matrix in blood called?

A

Plasma

76
Q

What is the watery matrix in lymph called?

A

Lymph

77
Q

What is supporting connective tissue made of?

A

Cartilage and bone

78
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage?

A

shock absorption and protection

79
Q

Matrix is a firm gel made of: derivatives of polysaccharides called chondroitin sulfates. Ground substance protein. These 2 combine to form proteoglycans which make up the matrix

A

Cartilage

80
Q

Cells in cartilage are called?

A

Chondrocytes

81
Q

Are there blood vessels in cartilage?

A

No

82
Q

Type of Cartilage:

Stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bones

A

Hyaline

83
Q

Type of Cartilage:

Supportive but bends easily, distorts without damage and returns to original shape, found on external ear

A

Elastic

84
Q

Type of Cartilage:
Durable but tough. Less ground substance, more collagen fibers, resist compression, prevents bone to bone contact and limits relative movement. Knee joint, between pubic bones, and intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

85
Q

What is the structure of bone?

A

small volume of ground substance. Matrix made up of calcium slats to provide strength. Collagen fibers provide flexibility.

86
Q

What is the purpose of the bone?

A

strong, somewhat flexible, resist breaks

87
Q

What are bone cells called?

A

Osteocytes

88
Q

what lines and covers body surfaces?

A

membranes

89
Q

Membranes consist of…

A

an epithelium, supported by connective types

90
Q

How many membranes are there?

A

4

91
Q

Membrane that lines passageways that are open to the exterior of the body. Found in the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tract.

A

Mucous

92
Q

_______ _______ is areolar connective tissue

A

Lamina propria

93
Q

Membrane that lines cavities not open to the outside . Thin but strolng. Composed of mesothelium supported by areolar connective tissue. There are 3 kinds of this membrane. Also contains parietal and visceral potion

A

Serous membrane

94
Q

Parietal portion covers the

A

cavity

95
Q

Visceral portion covers the

A

organ

96
Q

What are the three kinds of serous membranes?

A

Pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium

97
Q

Membrane that is the skin, surface of the body. Thick, waterproof, and dry.

A

Cutaneous

98
Q

Membrane that line freely moving joint cavities, produce synovial fluid, protect the end of bones, lack a true epithelium

A

Synovial

99
Q

What membrane is this?

Connective tissue layers that support and surround organs and routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

A

Fascia

100
Q

What are the 3 types of fascia?

A

Superfical, deep and subserous

101
Q

Tissue that produces all body movement

A

Muscle Tissue

102
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeltal, Cardiac, Smooth

103
Q

What type of muscle tissue moves the body volunteeraly

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

104
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart?

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

105
Q

What type of muscle tissue moves fluids and solids along digestive tract, regulates diameter of small arteries

A

Smooth muscle tissue

106
Q

What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses

A

Nervous Tissue

107
Q

Nervous tissue is found in

A

the brain and the spinal cord

108
Q

What are the two types of neural cells?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

109
Q

Cells in the nervous system and tissue that actually send the signals

A

neurons

110
Q

support cells, support neurons so neurons can do there job

A

neuroglia

111
Q

Parts of the neuron?

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

112
Q

What are the two processes to maintain homeostasis

A

inflammation and regeneration

113
Q

what is the tissues FIRST response to injury?

A

Inflammtion

114
Q

What is activated after a injury?

A

Mast cell activation

115
Q

What is released by mast cell activation?

A

histamine

116
Q

What are the sign of inflammation?

A

swelling, redness, warmth, pain

117
Q

During regeneration, ______ move into the damaged area and lay down collagen fibers and bind area together

A

fibroblasts

118
Q

Epithelia, connective, and smooth muscle regenerate _______

A

well

119
Q

Other muscle cells and neural tissue regenerate __________

A

poorly

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions