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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of Skeletal muscles based on orientation of _________

A

fascicles

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2
Q

What are the 4 patterns of muscles?

A
  1. parallel muscles
  2. convergent muscles
  3. pennate muscles
  4. circular muscles
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3
Q

Mechanically each bone is a _______, each joint is a __________.

A

lever and fulcrum

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4
Q

Muscles provide the ________ _______ required to overcome load.

A

applied force

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5
Q

a rigid structure that moves when force applied overcomes the load

A

lever

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6
Q

a fixed point on which lever pivots

A

fulcrum

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7
Q

What class:

Seasaw or pry bar.
Head bending forward at neck.
F between AF and L

A

First Class

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8
Q

What class:

wheelbarrow
ankle-moving into plantar flexion.
L is between AF and F

A

Second Class

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9
Q

What class:

tongs or catapult.
elbow- when doing flexion.
AF is applied between L and F

A

Third class

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10
Q

What is the most common class in the body?

A

third class

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11
Q

Where the fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches. Typically proximal to the insertion in anatomical position

A

origin

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12
Q

Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches

A

insertion

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13
Q

the movement produced by a skeletal muscle

A

action

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14
Q

example of muscle action:

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

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15
Q

muscles work in groups to __________ efficiency.

A

maximize

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16
Q

muscle whose contractions is mostly responsible for producing the movement

A

agonist

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17
Q

examples of agonist

A

biceps brachii- elbow flexion

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18
Q

muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently. may provide additional pull or stabilize origin.

A

synergist

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19
Q

example of synergist

A

brachioradialis for elbow flexion

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20
Q

synergist that assist by preventing movement at another joint

A

fixators

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21
Q

muscle whose action opposes a particular agonist.

A

antagonist

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22
Q

example of antagonist

A

triceps brachia for elbow flexion

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23
Q

agonist and antagonists work in ______.

A

pairs

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24
Q

first part of the name will indicate the ______. second part of name includes _______.

A

origin, insertion

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25
Q

position head and spinal column. move rib cage, assist in breathing. 60% of the skeletal muscles in body

A

axial

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26
Q

support pectoral and pelvic griddles. support limbs. remaining 40% of all skeletal muscles. stabilizes or move appendicular skeletal

A

appendicular

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27
Q

What are the 4 major groups of axial muscles?

A

muscles of the head and neck, vertebrae column, oblique and rectus muscles of trunk, and pelvis

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28
Q

Name the Muscle:

used for facial expression

action: constricts the mouth opening. compresses, pursues lips
location: around the mouth
nerve: facial nerve 7

A

orbicularis oris

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29
Q

Name the Muscle:

Used for facial expression.
Action: Moves food around the cheeks. compresses cheeks.
Location: cheek
Nerve: Facial nerve 7 `

A

Buccinator

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30
Q

Name the Muscle:

Used for facial expression
Action: Frontal belly action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Location: forehead
Nerve: Facial nerve 7

A

Occiptofrontalis

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31
Q

Name the Muscle:

Used for facial expression
Action: Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
Location: Covers anterior surface of the neck
Nerve: Facial nerve 7

A

Platysma

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32
Q

Name the Muscle:

Used for facial expression
Action: closes the eye
Location: Around the eye
Nerve: Facial nerve 7

A

Orbicularis oculi

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33
Q

What facial nerve is used for the orbiculares oris?

A

facial nerve 7

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34
Q

What facial nerve is used for the buccinator?

A

facial nerve 7

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35
Q

What facial nerve is used for the occipitofrontalis?

A

facial nerve 7

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36
Q

What facial nerve is used for the platysma?

A

facial nerve 7

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37
Q

What facial nerve is used for the orbiculares oculi?

A

facial nerve 7

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38
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye looks inferior
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3
location: inferior, medial surface of eyeball

A

inferior rectus

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39
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye looks medially
location: medial surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3

A

medial rectus

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40
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye looks superior
location: superior surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3

A

superior rectus

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41
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye looks laterally
location: lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: abducens nerve 6

A

lateral rectus

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42
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye rolls, looks superiorly and laterally.
location: inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nervve 3

A

inferior oblique

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43
Q

Name the eye muscle:

action: eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally
location: superior, lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: trochlear nerve 4

A

superior oblique

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44
Q

What nerve is used for the inferior rectus?

A

oculomotor 3

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45
Q

What nerve is used for medial rectus?

A

oculomotor 3

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46
Q

What nerve is used for superior rectus?

A

oculomotor 3

47
Q

What nerve is used for lateral rectus?

A

abducens nerve 6

48
Q

What nerve is used for inferior oblique?

A

oculomotor 3

49
Q

What nerve is responsible for superior oblique?

A

trochlear nerve 4

50
Q

Name the mastication muscle:

action: elevates mandible, closes jaw
location: zygomatic arch
nerve: trigeminal nerve 5

A

masseter

51
Q

Name the mastication muscle:

action: elevates mandible
location: temporal line
nerve: trigeminal nerve 5

A

temporalis

52
Q

What is the nerve used for the masseter?

A

trigeminal nerve 5

53
Q

What is the nerve used for the temporalis?

A

trigeminal nerve 5

54
Q

What is the strongest jaw muscle?

A

the masseter

55
Q

Name the tongue muscle:

action: depresses and protracts the tongue
nerve: hypogossal nerve 12

A

Genioglossus

56
Q

What nerve is used for the genioglossus?

A

hypoglossal nerve 12

57
Q

Name the muscle of neck:

action: together they flex the neck. 1 side alone will bend head toward shoulder and turn face to the opposite side
location: from sternum to clavicle to mastoid
nerve: accessory nerve 11 and cervical and spinal nerves C2 and C3

A

sternocleidomastoid

58
Q

what nerves are responsible for the sternocleoidmastoid?

A

accessory nerve 11 and cerival and spinal nerves C2 and C3

59
Q

What is the action of the erector spinal muscle group?

A

extend the spine

60
Q

Spinal extensors as a whole:

A

erector spinae

61
Q

Semispinalis muscles __________ and ________ the vertebrae

A

interconnect and stabilize

62
Q

Name the muscle of the vertebral column:

action: extends vertebral column and rotates to opposite side
location: spinous processes of 3rd or 4th superior vertebra

A

multifidus

63
Q

compresses underlying structures and rotate vertebral column

A

oblique muscles

64
Q

flex vertebral column and oppose erector spinae

A

rectus muscles

65
Q

flex the neck

A

scalenes

66
Q

respiratory movements of the ribs

A

intercostals

67
Q

name the muscle of the trunk:

action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends the spine
location: outer layer

A

external obliques

68
Q

name the muscles of the trunk:

action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends the spine
location: inner layer

A

internal obliques

69
Q

name the muscle of the trunk:

action: compresses abdomen
location: deepest layer

A

transversus abdominis

70
Q

name the muscle of the trunk:

action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
location: btw xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

A

rectus abdominis

71
Q

name the muscle of the trunk:

action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
location: divides thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

diaphragm

72
Q

form the perineal region and triangle and urogenital triangle

A

muscles of the pelvic floor

73
Q

name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:

action: (depends on active region) elevate and depress the scapula. adducts the scapula. elevate clavicle, extension of the neck.
location: covers back and neck to base of the skull

A

trapezius

74
Q

name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:

action: adducts scapula and elevates scapula
location: medial border of scapula and thoracic vertebrae

A

rhomboid (major and minor)

75
Q

name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:

action: elevates scapula
location: between scapula and transerve process of cervical vertebrae

A

levator scapulae

76
Q

name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:

action: scapula abduction and scapula depression
location: originates along ribs inserts in lateral border

A

serratus anterior

77
Q

name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:

action: scapula abduction and scapula depression
location: attaches to scapula on coracoid process

A

pectoralis minor

78
Q

name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:

action:
- whole muscle: abduction at shoulder
- anterior portion: shoulder flexion, medial rotation, and horizontal adduction
- posterior portion:shoulder extension and lateral rotation

location: encompasses whole shoulder

A

deltoid

79
Q

what is the major abductor?

A

the deltoid

80
Q

name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:

action: assists deltoid. abduction at shoulder
location: under trapezius

A

supraspinatus (rotator cuff)

81
Q

name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:

action: produce medial rotation at shoulder
location: surface of scapula against the ribs

A

subscapularis (rotator cuff)

82
Q

the subscapularis shares action with the

A

teres minor

83
Q

action: produce lateral rotation at shoulder
location: posterior side. below supraspinatus

A

infraspinatus

84
Q

infraspinatus shares action with

A

teres minor

85
Q

action: flexion, adduction, horiziontal adduction and medial rotation
location: between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus

A

pectorals major

86
Q

action: shoulder extension, adduction and medial rotation
location: inserts on anterior side of humerus. between thoracic vertebrae and humerus

A

latissimus dorsi

87
Q

action: flexes elbow, stabilizes shoulder joint. flexion of elbow and shoulder supination
location: originates on scapula and inserts on radial tuberosity

A

biceps brachii

88
Q

action: elbow flexion

A

brachioradalis and brachial

89
Q

action: extension of elbow. the long head also helps with shoulder extension and adduction
location: originates on scapula. posterior. inserts on olecranon

A

triceps brachii

90
Q

what is the extensor retinaculm?

A

wide band of connective tissue holding the tendons of extensor muscles in place

91
Q

What is the flexor retinaculm?

A

wide band of connective tissue holding the tendons of the flexor muscles in place

92
Q

caused by inflammation of the flexor retinaculm and synovial tendon sheath

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

93
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome puts pressure on ________ nerve

A

median

94
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome will cause tingling, numbness, weakness, pain in ________

A

wrist/hand

95
Q

action: hip flexion
location: originates on transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

A

iliopsoas group

96
Q

action: produces extension and lateral rotation at hip
location: largest most posterior gluteal muscle

A

gluteus maximus

97
Q

action: abduction and medial rotation at hip
location: originates anterior to gluteus maximus. inserts on greater trochanter

A

gluteus medius

98
Q

action: works with gluteus medius for hip abduction and medial rotation
location: more anterior of gluteus medius

A

tensor fasciae latae

99
Q

action: lateral rotation and abduction at hip

A

piriformis

100
Q

action: flexion at the knee, extension at hip

A

hamstrings

101
Q

action: extension at knee and flexion at hip
location: straight down thigh

A

rectus femoris

102
Q

action: extend the knee

A

quadriceps

103
Q

action: plantar flexion at the ankle (2)

A

gastrocnemius and coleus

104
Q

action: dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion of foot
location: opposes the gastrocnemius. anterior side of tibia

A

tibalis anterior

105
Q

What is the plantar aponeurosis?

A

plantar fasciitis

106
Q

Compartment syndrome trauma to climb can cause _______

A

bleeding

107
Q

Compartment syndrome elevates ________; compressing blood vessels and nerves in that compartment

A

pressure

108
Q

Compartment syndrome:

lack of blood flow leads to “____________” or ischemia

A

blood starvation

109
Q

Compartment syndrome can lead to ___________ or death of the muscle if pressure is not relieved within 2-4 hours

A

paralysis

110
Q

common name for collection of four muscle and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements such as throwing a ball

A

rotator cuff

111
Q

what are the four muscles involved in the rotator cuff?

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. supscapularis
112
Q

wrist extensors =

A

posterior surface

113
Q

wrist flexors =

A

anterior surface

114
Q

tubular burst surrounding tendons where they cross bony surfaces

A

synovial tendon sheaths

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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