Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > Chapter 4: The Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

my/o

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tri-

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adduction

A

movement of the limb toward the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, create nerve pressure on median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

curcumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

dystonia

A

condition of abnormal muscles tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscles movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

electromyography

A

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscles fibers in response to a nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ergonomics

A

study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

muscle fibers

A

long, slender cells that make up muscles; fibers are bound together by connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

fascia

A

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together groups of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

myofascial

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tendon

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense , fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscles to a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

patellar tendon

A

attaches muscles to the bottom of patella (kneecap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

achilles tendon

A

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle(major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

skeletal muscles

A

attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

voluntary muscles

A

(voluntary) control over these muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

striated muscles

A

under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscles fibers create a striped appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

smooth muscles

A

known as involuntary muscles, in the walls of internal organs, digestive tract, blood vessels and ducts leading from glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

visceral muscles

A

smooth muscles, found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems..means relating to internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

myocardial muscles

A

know as myocardium or cardiac muscle, form the muscular walls of the heart (action is involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

myocardi/o

A

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

muscles innervation

A

stimulation of a muscles by a impulse transmitted by a motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerves and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

antagonistic

A

refers to working in opposition to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscle, becomes shorter an thicker…causing the belly(center) of muscle to enlarge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

relaxation

A

occurs when muscle returns to its original form, muscles becomes longer and thinner, belly is no longer enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

hyperextension

A

extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

elevation

A

the act of raising or lifting a body part; levator is a muscle that raises a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

depression

A

the act of lowering a body part; depressor is a muscle that lowers a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of the limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

humerus

A

the bone of the upper arm, rotates within the shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

rotator cuff

A

group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head securely in place to rotate within shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

supination

A

act of rotating arm or leg so palm or sole of foot is turned forward, upward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so the palm of hand or sole of foot is turned downward or backward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the movement that bends that foot upward at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

plantar flexion

A

the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle; plantar pertains to sole of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

origin

A

where the muscle begins, located nearest midline of body; less movable attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, located farthest point from the midline most movable attachment

69
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

helps bend the neck and rotate the head

70
Q

mastoid

A

muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process

71
Q

pectoralis major

A

thick, fan-shaped muscles situated on anterior chest wall

72
Q

lateralis

A

means toward the side; vastus lateralis is a large muscle toward the outer side of the leg

73
Q

medialis

A

means toward the midline; vastus medialis a muscle toward the midline of the leg

74
Q

oblique

A

means slanted or at an angle

75
Q

rectus

A

straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

76
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway, as the anus

77
Q

transverse

A

means in a crosswise direction, as the muscle in the abdomin

78
Q

gluteus maximus

A

is the largest muscles of the buttock

79
Q

deltoid muscle

A

located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle

80
Q

hamstring group

A

located at the back of the upper leg, consist of t3 separate muscles

81
Q

frontails

A

muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

82
Q

temporalis

A

muscles moves lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

83
Q

masseter

A

muscle, one of the strongest in the body; moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

84
Q

rectus abdominis

A

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, supports spine

85
Q

transverse abdominis

A

located on the side of the abdome; core muscles are engaged when cough or laugh

86
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

87
Q

fibromyalgia

A

debilitating chronic condition by fatigue; specific muscle, joint, or bone pain….debilitation means causing weakness

88
Q

tenosynovitis

A

an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

89
Q

tendinitis

A

an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

90
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)

A

also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis, a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems.

91
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally, resulted from injury or surgery

92
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures; caused by pathology or disuse of muscle over a long period of time

93
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in the muscles

94
Q

myocele

A

the herniation(protrusion) of muscles substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

95
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

96
Q

myolysis

A

the degeneration of muscles tissue

97
Q

myorrhexis

A

the rupture or tearing of a muscles

98
Q

polymyositis

A

a muscles disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of body; mostly in trunk or torso

99
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

a serious syndrome that can result from direct or indirect muscles injury; death of muscle fibers release contents in bloodstream, causing complications like renal failure

100
Q

scaropenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

101
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

102
Q

dystonia

A

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

103
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

104
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscles coordination during voluntary movement; shaky and unsteady, caused by abnormal activity in cerebellum

105
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs normally elastic connective tissues are replaced w/ nonelastic fibrous tissues

106
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest, due to poor circulation associated with peripheral vascular disease.

107
Q

spasm

A

any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

108
Q

myoclonus

A

quick, involuntary jerking of a muscles or group of muscles; resulting from epilepsy, metabolic condition or response to medication

109
Q

singultus

A

known as hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

110
Q

cramp

A

painful localized muscle spasm. slang term charley horse, usually in the leg;

111
Q

torticollis

A

known as wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

112
Q

bradykinesia

A

is extreme slowness in movement, one of the systems in Parkinson’s disease

113
Q

dyskinesia

A

is the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

114
Q

hyperkinesia

A

known as hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity

115
Q

myasthenia gravis(MG)

A

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction(where the neuron activates the muscle to contract) produces serious weakness in voluntary muscles.

116
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

describes a group more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

117
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)

A

condition affects primarly little boys, between 3 and 5, progressives so rapidly most of the boys are unable to walk by 12

118
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy(BMD)

A

very similar to DMD, however the breathing difficulties and heart disease are less severe

119
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment” an enclosed space created by fascia that separates groups of muscles

120
Q

repetitive stress disorders

A

variety of muscular conditions from repeated motions performed in normal

121
Q

overuse injuries

A

minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal

122
Q

overuse tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of joint

123
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

124
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in-between bones and shoulder joint

125
Q

ruptured rotator cuff

A

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues; irritated tendon weakens and tears

126
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

tendon that pass through the carpal tunnel(wrist) are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

127
Q

carpal tunnel release

A

surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve the pressure on tendon or nerve

128
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a harmless, fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly not he outer surface of the wrist

129
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

130
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit int he plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus(heel) bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis

131
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

132
Q

sprain

A

sprain an injury to a joint, ankle, knee, or wrist, occurs when ligament is wrenched or torn

133
Q

strain

A

injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon

134
Q

shin splint

A

painful condition caused by tibias anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia(shin bone)

135
Q

hamstring injury

A

can be strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee; severe pain in the back thigh

136
Q

achilles tendinitits

A

a painful inflammation of achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

137
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

an overuse injury, band runs from the hipbone, diagonally across leg to the tibia, often in the area of the knee

138
Q

spinal cord injury(SCI)

A

determined by the level of the vertebra closet tot he injury

139
Q

incomplete injury

A

means that the person has some function below the level of the injury

140
Q

complete injury

A

means that there is complete loss of sensation and muscles control below the level of the injury

141
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscles movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

142
Q

myoparesis

A

a weakness or slight muscular paralysis

143
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

144
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body; such as stroke, or brain damage also known as a hemiplegic

145
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body; as known as a paraplegic

146
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

147
Q

range-of-motion testing

A

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscles strength

148
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

149
Q

muscle biopsy

A

involves removal of a plug tissue for examination

150
Q

antispasmodic

A

known as anticholinergic, administered suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder.

151
Q

skeletal muscle relaxant

A

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries

152
Q

neuromuscular blocker

A

a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli tot he muscles

153
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

154
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia

155
Q

occupational therapy(OT)

A

consist of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing activities of daily living

156
Q

physical therapy(PT)

A

treatment too prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

157
Q

therapeutic ultrasound

A

uses high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue

158
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin,

159
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

160
Q

fascioplasty

A

is the surgical repair of a fascia

161
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

162
Q

tenolysis

A

is the release of a tendon from adhesions

163
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

164
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical incision into a tendon

165
Q

ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy (PNT)

A

used to treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound-guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing within the tendon

166
Q

platelet-rich plasma therapy

A

some of the patient’s blood is injected into the scar tissue to promote increased blood floe and healing

167
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

168
Q

myotomy

A

surgical incision into a muscle

medical terminology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions