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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Development of the Urinary System (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Development of the Urinary System (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the upper urinary system composed of

A

kidney

ureter

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2
Q

What is the lower urinary system composed of

A

bladder

urethra

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3
Q

What will mesoderm differentiate into

A

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate

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4
Q

What germ cell layer will give rise to the urinary and genital systems

A

intermediate mesoderm

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5
Q

What embryonic layer will also give rise to the urinary and genital system

A

coelomic epithelium

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6
Q

What does coelemic epithelium contribute to

A

CT of ducts

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7
Q

What is the urogenital ridge

A

longitudinal elevation of intermediate mesoderm

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8
Q

Where is the urogenital ridge located

A

lateral to somite

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9
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into

A

nephrogenic cord

gonadal system

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10
Q

What does the nephrogenic cord of the urogenital ridge give rise to

A

urinary system

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11
Q

What does the gonadal system of the urogenital ridge give rise to

A

genital system

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12
Q

Where is the urogenital ridge found

A

posterior body wall

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13
Q

What are the 3 stages of kidneys

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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14
Q

What is the pronephros kidney

A

rudimentary and nonfunctional

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15
Q

When is the pronephros kidney formed

A

Week 4 (lasts 1 week)

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16
Q

What is the mesonephros kidney

A

embryonic kidney, functions for a short time

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17
Q

When is the mesonephros kidney formed

A

week 4-8

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18
Q

What is the metanephros kidney

A

permanent kidney

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19
Q

When will pronephroi be formed

A

day 24

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20
Q

What are pronephroi

A

tufts of intermediate mesoderm that will form tubules and open into duct

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21
Q

What is the cloaca

A

common opening for excretory, digestive, and reproductive products

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22
Q

Where will mesonephros empty

A

into the mesonephric duct that empties into the cloaca

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23
Q

How are the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule formed

A

aorta forms glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule starts to form a long the posterior body wall

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24
Q

Where will the mesonephric vesicle dump

A

mesonephric duct

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25
Q

What type of blood will be filtered by the embryonic kidney

A

amnitoic fluid since the placenta does the filterine

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26
Q

When is the pronephros seen

A

week 4

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27
Q

Where does the pronephros kidney form

A

in the cervical region

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28
Q

What is considered the embryonic kidney

A

mesonephros

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29
Q

Where does the mesonephros kidney form

A

in lumbar region and extends to the 9th rib

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30
Q

What are the tubules of the mesonephros

A

exretory tubules that acquire capillaries and form bowman’s capsule

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31
Q

Where do the excretory tubules of the mesonephros connect

A

mesonephric duct

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32
Q

What causes the physiological herniation of the GI tract out of the abdomen during development

A

as gonads grow

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33
Q

What is the permanent kidney derived from

A

metanephric mesoderm

ureteric bud

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34
Q

What is the ureteric bud

A

enlargement off the mesonephric duct

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35
Q

Where is the ureteric bud formed

A

in the sacral region

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36
Q

What does the mesonephric duct grow into

A

metanephric mesoderm

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37
Q

What is metanephric mesoderm

A

intermediate mesoderm in the sacral region

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38
Q

How are the major calyces and collecting ducts formed

A

ureteric bud dilates: renal pelvis

and then splits into caudal and cranial portions to form major calyces

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39
Q

How are the collecting tubules within renal pyramids formed

A

ureteric bud continues to elongate

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40
Q

What does the ureteric bud give rise to

A

collecting system: ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubules

41
Q

What does the metanephric mesoderm give rise to

A 
nephrons:
bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
42
Q

What type of tissue are the collecting tubules covered with

A

metanephric tissue

43
Q

What causes the metanephric tissue to differentiate

A

collecting tubule

44
Q

How does the blood supply to the kidney change with development

A

kidneys grow in sacrum and raise to abdomen; changes source of blood supply as moves superior

45
Q

Describe how the position of the kidney hilum will change with development

A

initially anterior, but rotate medially

46
Q

What does the cloaca divide into

A

urogenital sinus and anal canal

47
Q

What structure is continuous with the allantois initially

A

urinary bladder

48
Q

What is formed when the urinary bladder and allantois obliterate

A

median umbilical ligament

49
Q

What forms the primordium of the permanent kidney

A

ureteric bud with metanephric blastema (mesoderm)

50
Q

What part of the kidney is the blood processing unit

A

nephron

51
Q

When does nephrogenesis occur

A

week 8

52
Q

When will kidneys change position

A

weeks 6-9

53
Q

What vertebral levels are the adult renal arteries found at

A

L1-L2

54
Q

How does the appearance of fetal kidneys differ from adult kidneys

A

lobulated at birth but become smooth

55
Q

What is the rudimentary bladder

A

cloaca

56
Q

What does the urorectal septum divide

A

anal canal and urogenital sinus

57
Q

What is the perineal body

A

wedge shaped muscle that serves as an anchor for the muscles, fascia, and ligaments of the pelvis

58
Q

What is the perineal body a remnant of

A

urorectal septum

59
Q

What is a persistent cloaca

A

rectum, vagina, and urethra drain into a common channel opening in the perineum

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus

A

vesicle part
pelvic part
phallic part

61
Q

What does the vescle part give rise to

A

urinary bladder

62
Q

What does the pelvic part give rise to in males

A

membranous and prostatic urethra

63
Q

What does the pelvic part give rise to in females

A

entire urethra

64
Q

What does the phallic part give rise to in males

A

primordium of penis and spongy urethra

65
Q

What does the phallic part give rise to in females

A

primordium of clitoris

66
Q

What is the urachus

A

remnant of the allantois

67
Q

What is the allantois

A

canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord

68
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament

A

remnant of urachus

69
Q

What are the different urachal anomalies

A

urachal fistula
urachal cyst
urachal sinus

70
Q

What is a urachal fistula

A

urine dripping out of umbilicus

71
Q

What is a urachal cyst

A

fluid inside

72
Q

What is a urachal sinus

A

not complete communication between bladder and umbilicus, but things can get stuck and infected

73
Q

What is the trigone

A

smooth triangular portion on dorsal bladder wall

74
Q

What causes the trigone

A

incorporation of distal parts of the mesonephric ducts

75
Q

Why is the trigone smooth

A

incorporation of mesonephric ducts into the wall

76
Q

How does the prostate form

A

endodermal outgrowth from the urethra, surrounding mesenchyme forms the stroma and smooth muscle

77
Q

What does the cortex of the suprarenal glands develop from

A

mesenchyme

78
Q

What does the medulla of the suprarenal glands develop from

A

NCC

79
Q

Describe the size difference of the adrenal glands in embryo vs adult

A

10-20x larger

80
Q

What will result from abnormal increase in size of suprarenal cortex

A

increased androgen production= female is masculinized

81
Q

What is WAGR syndrome

A

W Wilm’s tumor
A aniridia
G genitourinary abnormalities, gonadoblastoma
R mental retardation

82
Q

What is the cause of accessory renal arteries

A

results from ascent of kidney

83
Q

What is the clinical correlation due to accessory renal arteries

A

obstruct ureter and cause hydroneprhosis

84
Q

What is polycystic kidney

A

numerous cysts form on kidney and kidney becomes very large and renal failure occurs

85
Q

What is the cause of renal agenesis

A

ureteric bud fails to reach the metanephric mesoderm

86
Q

What is renal agenesis associated with

A

oligohydraminos

87
Q

If renal agenesis is bilateral what occurs

A

incompatible with life

88
Q

What is the cause of pelvic kidney

A

as kidney ascends towards the abdomen, they pass between the two umbilical arteries. Occasionally one gets blocked and remains in the pelvis

89
Q

What causes a horseshoe kidney

A

metanephric mesoderm fuses while in the pelvis. Normal ascent is stopped due to inferior emsenteric artery

90
Q

What is the clinical correlation of horseshoe kidney

A

susceptible to injury with abdominal trauma

renal calculi and transition cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis

91
Q

What causes a bifid ureter

A

ureteric bud divides prematurely

92
Q

What is an ectopic ureter

A

ureter inserts anywhere but the bladder

93
Q

What is megaloureter

A

enlarged ureter with no motility

94
Q

What does megaloureter increase the risk of

A

infection

95
Q

What is a psotcaval ureter

A

right ureter passes behind the IVC; can be obstructed

96
Q

What is an obstructive genitourinary defect

A

stenosis or atresia of the urinary tract at any level

97
Q

What is extrophy of the bladder

A

ventral body wall defect where the mucosa of the bladder is exposed to the exterior

98
Q

What causes extrophy of the bladder

A

lack of mesodermal migration into the region between the genital tubercle and the umbilicus

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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