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NIFE > NIFE Engines 3-7-2 Fuel System > Flashcards

NIFE Engines 3-7-2 Fuel System Flashcards

1
Q

Define volatility

A

The measurement of a liquid’s ability to convert to a vaporous state

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2
Q

Volatility rating

A

A fixed number. Similar to octane rating

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3
Q

Define flashpoint

A

The lowest temp of a combustible substance that would ignite with a momentary application of flame. An index of a fuel’s potential safety for handling and storage. Volatility rating and flashpoint are inversely related.

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4
Q

Describe how temperature affects flashpoint

A

As temperature increases, a fuel’s flashpoint will remain the same

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5
Q

List common military aviation fuels

A
  1. JP-4 (NATO code F-40)
  2. JP-5 (NATO code F-44)
  3. JP-8 (NATO code F-34)
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6
Q

JP-4 Characteristics

A
  • Blend of kerosene, gasoline and naptha fractions
  • Was the most common
  • Highly volatile (flashpoint -35F)
  • Easier starting
  • Slow acceleration
  • Lower operating temps
  • High tendency to vapor lock
  • Shorter range
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7
Q

JP-5 characteristics

A
  • USN, USMC, USCG primary jet fuel
  • A type of heavy kerosene
  • Thermally stable
  • High heat content per gallon
  • Low volatility
  • High flashpoint (140 F)
  • Safe to store on ships
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8
Q

JP-8

A
  • Flash point 100 F
  • Does not meet ship safety standards
  • Used by USAF
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9
Q

Describe a basic aircraft fuel system

A

Purpose is to supply clean fuel, free from vapor, at the proper pressures and flow rates to the engine under all operating conditions.

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10
Q

Describe rated thrust

A

Normal: A rating of a gas turbine engine that is based on the allowable ITT or TIT (turbine inlet temp), for continuous operations in order to prevent heat damage to the turbine blades

MRT: Maximum tubrine temp for 30 minutes

CRT: Thrust produced in afterburner, not based on turbine temperature

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11
Q

Types of rated thrust

A
  1. Normal rated thrust (NRT)
  2. Military rated thrust (MRT)
  3. Combat rated thrust (CRT)
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12
Q

Normal Rated Thrust

A

Thrust produced at the maximum continuous turbine temperature with no time limitation.

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13
Q

Military Rated Thrust

A

Thrust produced at the maximum turbine temperature for a limited time; normally 30 minutes. Temp is higher than NRT

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14
Q

Combat Rated Thrust

A

thrust produced with the afterburner in operation, and is NOT based on turbine temperature limitations

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15
Q

Fuel Tank

A

A reservoir for jet propellant. can be fueled through gravity, pressure, and/or inflight fueling

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16
Q

Boost Pump

A

A centrifugal pump and electric motor that is installed in a fuel tank to ensure an adequate supply of fuel to the engine-driven fuel pump, support startup, and the primer system. Can also transfer fuel between tanks. The pump must prevent aeration of the fuel supply, which could result in rapid pressure changes during a climb

17
Q

Emergency shut off

A

Allows the pilot to shut off fuel to the engine in an emergency. Fuel will shut off electrically and mechanically

18
Q

Fuel pressure gauge

A

located in the cockpit, receives signals from a pressure sensor at the boost pump outlet

19
Q

Low pressure fuel filter

A

The low pressure fuel filter is usually a paper cartridge type filter, located downstream of the boost pump to strain impurities from the fuel.

20
Q

Engine driven pump

A

a high pressure pump that provides fuel excess that ensures that a sufficient supply of high pressure fuel is available to meet engine requirements and, if available, afterburner requirements

21
Q

Fuel control unit (FCU)

A

The “brain” of the engine fuel system - a hydro-mechanical or electrical device that consists of fuel computing and fuel metering systems.

22
Q

FCU inputs

A

CRIP

  1. Compressor inlet temp: measures ambient air density
  2. RPMS: Compressor speed
  3. Turbine Temp (ITT): prevent turbine damage
  4. PCL position: aviator input
23
Q

FCU modes of operation

A
  1. Normal (Automatic) operation: Monitors inputs
  2. Manual/Emergency operation: Lacks the acceleration limiting and RPM-governing capabilities of the normal system. PCL becomes the throttle
24
Q

Fuel-flow gauge

A

located between the FCU and fuel-oil heat exchanger, it measures fuel flow rate from FCU in PPH (pounds per hour)

25
Q

Fuel-Oil Cooler/Heat Exchanger

A

Preheating removes any ice crystals and increases volatility, facilitating efficient fuel ignition

26
Q

Fuel manifolds

A

Delivers fuel to the engine burner section through a series of fuel nozzles

27
Q

Pressurizing and Dump (P&D) Valve

A

Purpose is to drain the combustion manifold upon engine shutdown and to adjust fuel flow during engine starts

28
Q

Afterburner fuel system

A

Fuel Transfer Valve: mounted on body of engine driven fuel pump, opens and permits fuel flow to the afterburner

NIFE (24 decks)

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