Basic And Applied Sciences (Cont.)

Question 1

Phosphorylation is the process of doing what?

Answer 1

Adding another phosphate group to ADP so that ATP is once again available for additional energy expenditure.

Question 2

What are the three metabolic pathways cells use to generate ATP?

Answer 2

1. The ATP-PC system
2. The glycolytic system (glycolysis)
3. The oxidative system (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 3

When the chemical bonds that hold ATP together are broken, energy is released for cellular work. This leaves behind another molecule called _____________ and an inorganic phosphate molecule (Pi).

Answer 3

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

Question 4

Associate each of the 3 metabolic pathways with an example of physical activity where each would be the primary source of energy production.

Answer 4

ATP-PC System –> Heavy weight, low rep. Power lifting.
Glycolytic System –> 400m sprint or average weight routine.
Oxidative System –> Marathons or endurance athletics.

Question 5

The three oxidative or aerobic systems are:

Answer 5

1. Aerobic Glycolysis
2. The Krebs Cycle
3. The Electron Transport Chain

Question 6

Touch the following anatomic locations on your own person:

1. The superior, anterior surface of the arm
2. The posterior point that is inferior to the knee
3. The posterior surface of the thigh

Answer 6

1. The front of shoulder
2. The calf
3. The back of the leg

Question 7

Touch the following anatomic locations on your own person:

1. The distal, posterior end of the humerus
2. The anterior aspect of the forearm
3. The lateral aspect of the knee
4. The posterior muscle that is superior to the hip

Answer 7

1. The funny bone
2. The Inside of forearm
3. The outside of the knee
4. The lower back above hip

Question 8

Identify and describe the 3 planes of motion.

Answer 8

1. Sagittal plane- cuts you in to left and right halves
2. Frontal plane- cuts you in to front and back halves
3. Transverse plane- cuts you in to top and bottom halves

ALL intersect at center of gravity

Question 9

Describe flexion.

Answer 9

Bending movement during which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 10

Movements within the sagittal plane are typically __________ and include ______/_______ joint motions.

Answer 10

Front-to-back

Flexion/extension

Question 11

Describe extension.

Answer 11

Straightening movement during which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 12

Give two examples of exercises that occur mainly in the sagittal plane.

Answer 12

• Bicep curls
• Barbell squats
• Seated cable rows
• Forward lunges

Question 13

Movements in the frontal plane are typically _________ and joint actions typically include __________/___________.

Answer 13

Side-to-side

Abduction/adduction

Question 14

Describe abduction.

Answer 14

Movements that proceed away from the midline of the body.

Question 15

Describe adduction.

Answer 15

Movements that move toward the midline of the body.

Question 16

Give 2 examples of exercises that occur mainly in the frontal plane.

Answer 16

• Side lunges
• Side step-ups
• Seated lateral raises

Question 17

Movements in the transverse plane are typically ___________ in nature.

Answer 17

Rotational

Question 18

Give 2 examples of exercises that predominantly occur within the transverse plane.

Answer 18

• Turning lunges
• Turning step-ups
• Medicine ball rotations
• Wood choppers

Question 19

In a physioball wall squat, name the muscles involved in the following roles:

• Agonist (prime movers)
• Stabilizers
• Synergists
• Antagonists

Answer 19

• Agonists –> Glutes & Quads
• Stabilizers –> Transverse Abdominus
• Synergists –> Hamstrings
• Antagonists –> Psoas

Question 20

In a bench press, identify muscle functions in the following roles:

• Agonists
• Antagonists
• Stabilizers
• Synergists

Answer 20

Agonists –> Pectoralis Major
Antagonists –> Posterior Deltoids
Stabilizers –> Rotator Cuff
Synergists –> Triceps Brachii & Anterior Deltoids

Question 21

Integrating sensory information with past experiences to produce a response is _________.

Answer 21

Motor control

Question 22

Using information from mechanoreceptors to sense position and limb movements is called ________________.

Answer 22

Proprioception

Question 23

_____________ leads to a permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

Answer 23

Motor learning

Question 24

The change in motor skill behavior over time is called ________________.

Answer 24

Motor development