Cardiomyopathy

Question 1

what conditions are hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy associated with?

Answer 1

wolf-parkinson-whyte syndrome

AF

Question 2

what are the different types of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 2

hereditary

• hypertrophic CM
• arryhythmogenic CM

mixed

• restrictive CM
• dilated CM

secondary

• infiltrative e.g. amyloidosis
• inflammatory e.g. sarcoidosis
• infective e.g. Cocksackie B, chugs disease
• storage related e.g. haemochromatosis
• cancer therapy - doxorubicin
• neuromuscular e.g. frederickes ataxia
• nutritional e.g. thiamin e
• drugs e.g. alcohol
• endocrine e.g. thyroitoxicosis, diabetes, acromegaly

Question 3

how is genetic CM inherited?

Answer 3

autosomal dominant

Question 4

what is characteristic of the pulse in hypertrophic CM?

Answer 4

jerky pulse

Question 5

what is fredrick’s sign and in what type of CM is it seen?

Answer 5

elevated JVP with diastolic collapse

- constrictive CM

Question 6

what is kausmaul sign and in what type of CM is it seen?

Answer 6

large drop in BP during inspiration causing a faint/absent pulse on inspiration
- constrictive CM

Question 7

what investigation is diagnostic for cardiomyopathy?

Answer 7

echocardiogram

Question 8

what is the general management options for cardiomyopathies?

Answer 8

beta blocker if arrhythmia
cardiac resynchronisation
ICD
heart transplant

Question 9

what are causes of secondary cardiomyopathy?

Answer 9

sarcoidosis
amyloidosis
coxsackie B virus 
Chagas disease 
diabetes
thyrotoxicosis 
acromegaly 
haemachromatosis 
doxorubicin cancer therapy 
fredricks ataxia, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy

Question 10

features of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ?

Answer 10

asymptomatic
exertion dyspnoea
syncope (usually following exercise)
sudden death

jerky pulse
large A waves
double apex beat