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RT 200 > 4. Science of Radiology and Radiologic Technology > Flashcards

4. Science of Radiology and Radiologic Technology Flashcards

1
Q

The energy that is transmitted by waves through space or through a medium.

A

Radiation

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2
Q

The process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron.

A

Ionization

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3
Q

The field of study that creates anatomic images by

recording reflected sound waves.

A

Sonography

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4
Q

Methods of imaging the electrical activities of the heart and of the brain, respectively.

A

Electrocardiography and Electroencephalography

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5
Q

Images produced by body’s naturally emitted heat energy

A

Thermograms

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6
Q

Create images of both anatomic structures and physiologic actions through the use of nuclear energy emitted by the nucleus of an atom.

A

Nuclear Medicine Technology

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7
Q

Making of records, known as radiographs, of internal structures of the body by passage of gamma rays or x-rays through the body to act on specially sensitized film or digital imaging plate or system.

A

Radiography

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8
Q

Involves the study of the use of radiation throughout medicine.

A

Medical Radiation Science

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9
Q

discovered x-rays on November 8, 1895 (Friday)

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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10
Q

fluorescent glow of crystals

A

Barium Platinocyanide

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11
Q

He was working with ___________ when he discovered a fluorescent glow of crystals.

A

Cathode ray tube

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12
Q

Born in Lennep, Germany

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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13
Q

German physicist

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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14
Q

Wife of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

Anna Bertha Ludwig

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15
Q

One adopted daughter of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

A

Josephine Bertha Ludwig

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16
Q

Roentgen began working at University of Wurzburg in Physics Department

A

1888

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17
Q

Working with Crookes tube

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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18
Q

Roentgen submitted his first report – On a New Kind of Rays to Wurzburg Physico-Medical Society

A

December 28, 1895 (Saturday)

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19
Q

Roentgen received First Nobel Prize in Physics in

A

1901

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20
Q

Roentgen died of colon cancer on

A

February 10, 1923

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21
Q

Explained the reaction of solids when they are placed in liquids

A

Archimedes

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22
Q

Described materials as being composed of ultimate particles

A

Democritus

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23
Q

Discovered some of the effects of electricity.

A

Thales

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24
Q

Three specific aspects of physical science helped pave the way for the discovery of x-rays.

A
  • Electricity
  • Vacuums
  • Image-recording materials
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25
Q

Produced the first-recognized vacuum when he invented a barometer

A

Evangelista Torricelli, 1643

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26
Q

Invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube

A

Otto van Guericke, 1646

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27
Q

Invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube in 1646. This experiment was repeated by _________ and ________.

A
  • Robert Boyle (1659)

- Herman Sprengel (1865)

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28
Q

Studied electricity and magnetism. He was also noted for inventing a primitive electroscope.

A

William Gilbert of England

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29
Q

His experiments with electricity earned him a place among the serious investigators.

A

Robert Boyle

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30
Q

Built and improved the static generator.

A

Isaac Newton

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31
Q

Working with glass, silk and paper and distinguished two different kinds of electricity.

A

Charles du Fay

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32
Q

Made a significant improvement in the electroscope, a vessel for discharging electricity under vacuum conditions.

A

Abbe Jean-Antoine Nollet

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33
Q

Conducted many electrical experiments and should be mentioned in any discussion of the pioneers in electricity.

A

Benjamin Franklin

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34
Q

Demonstrated a current of electricity by transmitting electricity from a Leyden jar through wires and a vacuum tube.

A

William Watson

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35
Q

Noticed the difference in color of partially evacuated tubes. He noted that when a tube cracked and some air leaked in, the amount of air in the tube determined the coloration.

A

William Morgan

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36
Q

Induced an electric current by moving a magnet in and out of a coil in 1831. From this experiment evolved the concept of electromagnetic induction, which lead to the production of better generators and transformers and high voltages for use in evacuated tubes.

A

Michael Faraday

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37
Q

Made the most significant improvement on induction coils

A

Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff of Paris

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38
Q

Conducted several experiments with cathode rays which are streams of electrons emitted from the surface of a cathode.

A

Johann Wilhelm Hittorf

39
Q

Furthered study the cathode rays and demonstrated that matter was emitted from the cathode with enough energy to rotate a wheel placed within a tube.

A

William Crookes

40
Q

_______’s works were repeated and further developed by Crookes.

A

Hittorf

41
Q

Furthered the investigation of the cathode rays. He found that cathode rays could penetrate thin metal and would project a few centimeters into air. He did a tremendous amount of research with cathode rays and determined their energies by measuring the amount of penetration. He also studied the deflection of rays as a result of magnetic fields.

A

Philipp Lenard

42
Q

Produced a radiograph in 1890. His achievement was recognized only in retrospect and after the discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. He was not credited with the discovery of x-rays.

A

William Goodspeed

43
Q

Produced the first photographic copy of written material in 1727.

A

Johann Heinrich Schulze

44
Q

Produced a film with a gelatin silver bromide emulsion that has remained the basic component for film.

A

Richard Leach Maddox

45
Q

Produced and patented roll-paper film. With this significant improvement of image recording material and the improvement in the cathode ray tube, the basis for modern-day radiography was established.

A

George Eastman

46
Q

Patented a system for electricity distribution in 1880, which was essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp.

A

Thomas Alva Edison

47
Q

Edison founded the Edison Illuminating Company on.

A

December 17, 1880

48
Q

The company established the first investor-owned electric utility in ________ on Pearl Street Station, New York City.

A

1882

49
Q

It was on __________, that Edison switched on his Pearl Street generating station’s electrical power distribution system, which provided 110 volts direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan.

A

September 4, 1882

50
Q

In _________ Edison had switched on the first steam generating power station at Holborn Viaduct in London.

A

January 1882

51
Q

provided electricity supplies to street lamp and several private dwellings
within a short distance of the station

A

DC supply system

52
Q

On __________, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey

A

January 19, 1883

53
Q

Only child of Friedrich Conrad Roentgen, a textile merchant whose ancestors had lived in or near Lennep for several generations

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

54
Q

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen married in

A

1872

55
Q

Produced radiograph 2 weeks after Roentgen discovered x-rays

A

Michael Idvorsky Pupin

56
Q

Noticed that the radium killed diseased cells, which was the first suggestion of the medical utility of radioactivity

A

Pierre Curie

57
Q

In ______, Pierre and his older brother Jacques (1856-1941) demonstrated that an electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed, i.e. piezoelectricity

A

1880

58
Q

In ______, ______ demonstrated the reverse effect: that crystals could be made to deform when subject to an electric field. Almost all digital electronic circuits now rely on this phenomenon in the form of crystal
oscillators.

A
  • 1881

- Pierre and his older brother Jacques

59
Q

Discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled x-rays in their
penetrating power.

A

Henri Becquerel

60
Q

He demonstrated that this radiation, unlike phosphorescence, did not depend on an external source of energy, but seemed to arise spontaneously from uranium itself

A

Henri Becquerel

61
Q

discovered radioactivity.

A

Henri Becquerel

62
Q

Refined the knowledge of radioactivity and purified the radium metal

A

Marie Curie

63
Q

In 1911, received Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry.

A

Marie Curie

64
Q

She continued to study radioactivity until she became acquainted with Albert Einstein and resumed her experiments with radium.

A

Marie Curie

65
Q

She was the first person honored with two Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry.

A

Marie Curie

66
Q

She was the first female professor at the University of Paris, and in ________ became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Patheon in Paris.

A
  • Marie Curie

- 1995

67
Q

achievements included a theory of radioactivity, techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, POLONIUM and RADIUM. Under her direction, the world’s first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw, which remain major centers of Medical research today.

A

Marie Curie

68
Q

major centers of Medical research

A

Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw

69
Q

Invented cyclotron in 1932.

A

Ernest Lawrence

70
Q

is a chamber that made it possible to accelerate particle to high speeds for use as projectiles.

A

cyclotron

71
Q

The cyclotron first made ________ available in large quantities.

A

radioisotopes

72
Q

Made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago in 1942.

A

Enrico Fermi

73
Q

Fermi’s results breakthrough was first demonstrated when atomic devices were detonated experimentally in _______ at ________.

A
  • 1945

- White Sand, New Mexico

74
Q

Shortly thereafter, these devices (uranium pile) were introduced as weapons when atomic bombs were dropped on _______________

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.

75
Q

solid medium

A

conduction

76
Q

liquid medium

A

convection

77
Q

radiation symbol

A

3 foil

78
Q

positively charged ion

A

cation

79
Q

negatively charged ion

A

anion

80
Q

electric potential was generated when crystals were compressed

A

piezoelectricity

81
Q

Year Evangelista Torricelli Produced the first-recognized vacuum when he invented a barometer

A

in 1643

82
Q

Year Otto van Guericke invented an air pump that was capable of removing air from a vessel or tube

A

in 1646

83
Q

Year Michael Faraday Induced an electric current by moving a magnet in and out of a coil

A

in 1831

84
Q

Year William Goodspeed Produced a radiograph

A

in 1890

85
Q

Year Johann Heinrich Schulze - Produced the first photographic copy of written material

A

in 1727

86
Q

Thomas Edison patented a system for electricity distribution in _______, which was essential to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp.

A

1880

87
Q

Roentgen was offered employment at

A

University of Wurzburg

88
Q

Year Marie Curie received Nobel Prize for her work in chemistry.

A

in 1911

89
Q

Year Ernest Lawrence invented cyclotron

A

in 1932

90
Q

Year Enrico Fermi made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at the University of Chicago

A

in 1942

91
Q

Enrico Fermi made a significant breakthrough when he induced a successful chain reaction in a uranium pile at

A

University of Chicago

92
Q

Year Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts emitted rays that resembled x-rays in their penetrating power.

A

in 1896

93
Q

Roentgen born on

A

March 27, 1845

RT 200 (8 decks)

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