Exam II: Diaphragm and Plurae

Question 1

What forms the superior mediastinum?

Answer 1

sternal aangle to t4

Question 2

What forms the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 2

anything below the t4 to t12

has anterior portion, middle portion, and the posterior portion

Question 3

What is a crura?

Answer 3

musculotendenous attachment from the anterior vertebral. there is a left and right. the right is longer than the left.

Question 4

Median arcurate ligament:

Answer 4

occurs between the left and the right crura.

Question 5

Medial arcurate ligament

Answer 5

made by the psoas major

Question 6

lateral arcurate ligament

Answer 6

made by the quadraduous lumborum

Question 7

What are the aperatures?

Answer 7

I ate ten eggs at noon
IVC at T8
Esophag. at T10
aorta at t12

Question 8

What innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 8

cervical nerves (phrenic) 3,4,5 somatic and some sensory

interocstal nerves also innervate the peripheral parts of Dia.

Question 9

Inhalation:

Answer 9

diaphragm contracts

Question 10

Exhalation

Answer 10

dia relaxes

Question 11

Superior arterial supply to the diaphragm:

Answer 11

musculophrenic and the pericardacophrenic both come from the internal thoracic artery.

also the superior phrenic artery which comes off of the thoracic aorta.

Question 12

Interior arterial supply to the diaphragm:

Answer 12

inferior phrenic which comes from the abdominal aorta.

Question 13

Venous supply to the diaphragm:

Answer 13

venous flow follows the arteries into interior throacic vein

veinous also can go into the azygous and the hemiazygous

Question 14

left side of the thoracic venous supply

Answer 14

hemiazygous

Question 15

Right side of the thoracic venous supply

Answer 15

azygous

Question 16

What is the endothoracic fascia?

Answer 16

fasica on the outside of the pleura everywhevere except the cervical pleura.

Question 17

What is a pleura recess?

Answer 17

where the lung does not fill the entire space.

costodiaphragmatic and the cosomediastinal

Question 18

empyema

Answer 18

pus in the pleural space

Question 19

hemothorax

Answer 19

blood on the lungs

Question 20

Pneumothorax

Answer 20

air on the lungs (this can happen blunt force or penetrating injury.

Question 21

What is the arterial supply of the visceral pluera

Answer 21

branches of the bronchial and pulmonary arterial systems

Question 22

What is the venous supply of the visceral plurae?

Answer 22

azygous and hemiazygous and some pulmonary viens

Question 23

Bronchial arteries

Answer 23

from the thoracic aorta

there are one to two arteries for each lung.

Question 24

Visceral venous return:

Answer 24

bronchial veins–> azygous and hemiazygous

Question 25

What is the blood supply of the parietal plurae

Answer 25

cervical and costal = intercostal arteries

diaphragm plurae (central tendon and the intercostal vessels)

venous supply is the same as the artieral supply

Question 26

Can visceral pleura feel pain?

Answer 26

no they cannot

Question 27

How is the parietal pleurae innervated?

Answer 27

it is identical to the vascular supply.

Question 28

What provides arterial blood to the cervical plurae?

Answer 28

intercostal arteries

Question 29

What provides arterial blood to the costal plurae?

Answer 29

intercostal arteries

Question 30

What provides arterial blood to the diaphragmatic pleura?

Answer 30

Intercostal arteries

pericardiacophrenic arteries

Question 31

What provides arterial blood to the mediastinal pluera?

Answer 31

pericardiacophrenic arteries