Designing the Perfect Anti-Infective Agent and Introduction to Antibiotics

Question 1

cidal vs static

Answer 1

cidal: kills
static: inhibits growth, but once stopped, bacteria may grow back.

Question 2

MIC

Answer 2

how much drug concentration the organism targets starts to get affected at. minimum inhibitory concentration.

Question 3

T/F aminoglycosides and fluroquinones like ciprofloxacin treat gram negatives and are concentration dependent

Answer 3

true.b they should be 4 times the MIC

Question 4

T/F Beta lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and monobactams) are time dependent

Answer 4

true. rather than concentration being higher, MIC level needs to be held for a prolonged period of time.

Question 5

3 antibacterial classes that inhibit the cell wall

Answer 5

1. beta lactams (penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporin, monobactam)
2. glycopeptides
3. phosphonic acid

Question 6

4 classes of beta lactams (that work by inhibiting the cell wall)

Answer 6

1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins
3. carbapenems
4. monobactam.

Question 7

examples of penicillins (type of beta lactam that inhibits cell wall growth)

Answer 7

penicillin, piperacillin.

Question 8

examples of 1, 2,3,4th gen cephalosporins (type of beta lactam that inhibits cell wall growth)

Answer 8

1. cephalexin, cefazolin
2. Cefoxitin

3. Ceftriaxone

4. Cefepime

all are broad spectrumish, with each generation covering more and more gram negatives.

Question 9

examples of carbapenems (beta lacatam that inhibits cell wall growht

Answer 9

• meropenem
• ertapenem
• generally broad coverage.

Question 10

examples of glycopeptides (beta lactam that inhibits cell wall grwoth)

Answer 10

vancomycin, televancin

• gram positive coverage.

Question 12

5 antibiotic classes that inhibits protein syntheis

Answer 12

1. aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamycin)
2. macrolides (clarithryomycin, azithromycin)
3. lincosamides (clindamycin)
4. tetracyclines (doxycycline)
5. Oxazolidionone (linezolid)

Question 13

list aminoglycosides (inhibits protein syntheis)

Answer 13

gentamycin, tobramycin

gram negative coverage.

Question 14

list macrolides (inhibits protein syntheis)

Answer 14

azithromycin, clarithromycin

• broad spectrum coverage, more gram positives)

Question 15

list lincosamides (inhibits protein syntheis)

Answer 15

clindamycin (gram positive, some gram negative anaerobe)

Question 16

what antibiotic class is erythromycin

Answer 16

macrolide (broad spectrum but more gram positives), it inhibits protein synthesis.

Question 17

list a tetracycline (inhibits protein synthesis)

Answer 17

doxycycline. broad spectrum, used for PJP too.

Question 18

4 classes of antibiotics that disrupt DNA and NA synthesis

Answer 18

1. fluoroquinolones (cirprofloxacin)
2. rifamycin (rifampin)
3. trimethoprim/sulfonamid (tmp/sxt septra)
4. nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)

Question 19

examples of fluroquinolones (disrupts DNA and NA synthesis)

Answer 19

ciprofloxacin

broad spectrum

Question 20

example of rifamycin ((disrupts DNA and NA synthesis))

Answer 20

rifampin

Question 21

example of trimethoprim/sulonamide (disrupts DNA and NA synthesis)

Answer 21

tmp/sxt

Question 22

example of a nitroimidazole

Answer 22

metronidazole.

broad spectrum anaerobic coverage.Given for cirrhotic patients and for people with giardia or entomaeba.

Question 23

colistin treats gram ___

Answer 23

gram negatives

Question 24

macrobid treats gram ___

Answer 24

gram negative. good for UTI