Some Basics And Limbic

Question 1

Functions of frontal lobe

Answer 1

Problem solving , reasoning , planning and emotional reasoning (frontal lobe is close to cingulate lobe) and personality

Question 2

Functions of temporal lobe

Answer 2

Hearing, language recognition , emotional memory (it’s close to hippocampus) and remembering and visualising of faces and places

Question 3

Parietal lobe functions

Answer 3

Somatosensory and 2 point discrimination (links to parietal loop)

Question 4

Left hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 4

Language
Maths
Logical problem solving
Writing

Question 5

Right hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 5

Spatial perception
Object identification (touch, taste, smell)
Musical skills

Question 6

What does limbus mean?

Answer 6

Rim- border between neocortex and hypothalamus

Question 7

3 steps of emotional processing :

Answer 7

Visceral sensation (due to endocrine and autonomic stimulating- HTHALAMUS)

Motor component - mm of facial expression

Cognitive processing of emotional content and reasoning .

Question 8

Cingulul meaning

Answer 8

Belt - belt around corpus callosum

Question 9

Amygdala function and pathology

Answer 9

Adds emotional content to memory (especially fear)

Pathologically links to depression, anxiety and substance abuse

Question 10

Hippocampus function and pathology

Answer 10

Memory consolidation. Acts as a bridge between short and long term memory. (More likely time remember things with emotional content)

Pathology : anterograde amnesia, schizophrenia (with prefrontal cortex damage)

Alzheimer’s - atrophy of hippocampus and enlarged ventricles

Question 11

What is the corona radiata?

Answer 11

Tracts of divers entering and leaving neocortex

Corticospinal
Corticobulbar
Coricopontine

Question 12

What causes Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 12

BILATERAL lesion to amygdala.

Hyper sexuality
Loss of visual recognition
Hypermetamorphisis
Loss of fear response

Question 13

What makes up the forebrain ?

Answer 13

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 14

What do the medial and lateral borders of the thalamus sit against?

Answer 14

3rd ventricle -medial

Internal capsule - lateral

Question 15

Name the 4 types of inputs into thalamus

Answer 15

Visual
Hearing
Touch/proprio
Pain/ temp

Question 16

What is the intermedullary lamina?

Answer 16

Borders that organise the thalamus

Question 17

What is processed by the anterior thalamus and where does it project to?

Answer 17

Cingulate cortex

Limbic
Emotional
Recent memory

Question 18

What does the medial (does one dial) thalamus project to ? And what Input?

Answer 18

Prefrontal cortex

Mood
Emotions

Question 19

What Info does the lateral aspect of the thalamus receive ?

Answer 19

VA - pre-motor cortex (Movement planning)

VL - Primary motor cortex

VPL - Primary somatosensory

Question 20

What are typical types of lesions to thalamus and what occurs ?

Answer 20

Stroke or tumour

Thalamic pain

Question 21

What is another name for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 21

Adenohypophysis

Question 22

Describe the function of anterior pituitary

Answer 22

NEUROENDOCRINE

Released through hyphoseal portal system to transport inhibit or stimulating factors

Question 23

Describe posterior pituitary

Answer 23

Releases NEUROSECRETENS

Oxytocin
Vasopressin

Question 24

Afferents into HTHALAMUS

Answer 24

HIPPOCAMPUS via fornix
AMYGDALA via Stria terminalis
Olfactory vis medial forebrain bundle
Mammillary bodies via mammillary peduncles
Retinal ganglion cells via retinohypothalmic tract

Question 25

Brain stem and spinal cord afferents into HTHALAMUS

Answer 25

Reticular formation
Periaqueductal grey
Solitary nucleus (taste)
Parabrachial nucleus (viscerosensory)