9.3- Haematology Tests

Question 1

What are the main things being looked at in CBC (7)

Answer 1

• Haemoglobin
• haemacrit
• red blood corpiscles (erythrocutes)
• Mean cell volume
• reticulocyte count
• white boood cells
• platelet count

Question 2

what does hypo/polychromia, micro/macrocytosis, blasts mean

Answer 2

hypo/polychromia- colour
micro/macrocytosis- size

blasts- size/intracellular contents

Question 3

what is the best test to look at both iron def diseases + excess diseases

Answer 3

Serum ferritin

Question 4

What is harmochromatosis

Answer 4

An iron excess disease

Question 5

What is serum transferrin and when is it increased

Answer 5

iron transport protein

–increased in iron deficiency anemia

Question 6

What does serum iron reflect

Answer 6

Large dinural variation

-Reflects recent diet

Question 7

What does serum haptoglobin do and when can it be decreased

Answer 7

binds to free haemoglobin and carries it to the liver for recycling

–liver disease can cause decrease in serum

Question 8

serum folate defiecient mothers are at risk of birthing children with this

Answer 8

spina bifida

Question 9

When is erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased

Answer 9

increased in inflammatory + necrotic diseases

Question 10

what cells are monitored in HIV/AIDS

Answer 10

CD8- as Hiv/aids targets cd8 cells

Question 11

when will you see a large increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 11

Large increases in pulmonary embolus and leukocyte cell death

Question 12

What does prothrombin time and what does it test(3)

Answer 12

-measures extrinsic factors and the common coagulation pathway (measures time to form fibrin clot)

Tests: patients plasma + calcium + tissue thromboplastin

Question 13

what are 4 common drugs that affect PT

Answer 13

• Acetaminophen
• Salicylate
• anabolic steroids
• cephalosporin

Question 14

When is prothrombin time increased

Answer 14

Anticoagulent therapy

Question 15

What does activated partial thromboplastin measure and what is it used to measure (3)

Answer 15

• intrincic factors (blood vessel wall) and common coagulation pathway
• motitors (herapin therapy, liver disease, haemophilia A/B)

Question 16

What does bleedling time measure

Answer 16

abnormal platelet function

Question 17

What does plasma fibrinogen indicate (2)

Answer 17

(usually zero)

-Positive test indicates disseminated intravascular coagulation or thromabotic propensity

Question 18

what does fubrinolysis look for (2)

Answer 18

• fibrinogen

- fibrin degradation products (d dimers)

Question 19

what does an abonormal platetlet aggregation test indicate (5)

Answer 19

platelet disorder
lack of platelet vessel wall proetin
abnormal interfering metabolite
collagen disorders
myeloproliferative disease

Question 20

What does combs test test for

Answer 20

infectious mono
SLE
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 21

What is microcytic hypochromic anemia and what is it seen in

Answer 21

Small and pale

• -Iron deficiency aneamia
• -Thalassaemia

Question 22

What lab tests will u see in mucrocytic hpyochromic anemia

Answer 22

blood haemoglobin, mean copuscular volume, erythrocyte count all low

Serrum ferritin, iron, trasferrin all low

iron binding capacity high

Question 23

tx of microctic hypochromic anaemia

Answer 23

take Fe for 6 m

Question 24

What does stippling in a blood smear mean

Answer 24

lead or iron present (lead pos)

Question 25

What is normocyctic normochromic anemia due to and key test

Answer 25

Blood loss Chronic diseases abnormal haemagobins (reticulocyets 3x normal)

Question 26

What is alpha thalaessarmia carriers and who is it common in

Answer 26

Benign thalaesemia | -south east asians

Question 27

What is beta thalasseamia and hwo is it common in

Answer 27

minor= mild anemia (HgB A 50-85%-normal hem) major- (hbF 65-100% (fetal), HbA2- severe anemia) -med population

Question 28

What does sickle cell anaemia cause

Answer 28

anaemia, bone damage to fem head, humeral head Attacks triggered by B19 parvovirus, cold etc

Question 29

What does G6P def cause

Answer 29

erythrocutes fragile, sensitive to analgescis, antimalarial drugs etc

Question 30

what does pyruvate kinase def cause

Answer 30

Mild aneamia | RBC cant make ATP and become ridgid

Question 31

What is spherocytosis and what does it cause

Answer 31

causes bone abnormalities (tower shaped skull) -RBCs have spherical shape, get ridgid and trapped in capillaries

Question 32

isoimmune haemolutic anemia series of events

Answer 32

monther rhesus (-) will have (+) child and then make antibodies, if next child (+) will kill it

Question 33

What is macrocytic/magaloblastic anemia due to

Answer 33

Vit b12, folate def

Question 34

What is pernicious anaemia due to

Answer 34

autoimune disease in which pts have IgG antibodies directed against gastruc cells and vit b12 transport pro

Question 35

What will you see in lab tests for macrocytic megaloblasic anemia

Answer 35

``` increased mean cell volume normal reticulocytes red corpiscle distribution increased -serum b12 dec -leukopenia ```

Question 36

What is aplastic anemia due to

Answer 36

Marrow failure or infiltrated with inflammtory cells

Question 37

effects of preg on haematology tests

Answer 37

increase in plasma volume by 50% but only 20-30 % increase in erythrocytes ("anemia") - increased coagulation factors - iron def commin

Question 38

What is polycythemia and KEY symptom

Answer 38

Too much RBCs key smptome- itching (generalized especially after warm bath/showr)

Question 39

Polycythemia lab findings (3)

Answer 39

Erythrocyte count increased blood haemaglobin increased blood viscosity increased

Question 40

How to tell if an athelte is blood doping w own blood

Answer 40

if using own blood expect a drease in blood precursors (reticulocytes) downregulated

Question 41

What is haemochromatoisis

Answer 41

Absorbing too much iron

Question 42

How to test for haemachromatosis

Answer 42

Serum Ferratin holding lots of iron