Chapter 6

Question 1

What is meant by essential nutrients? List the essential nutrients.

Answer 1

Science devoted to the study of dietary needs for food and the effects of food on organisms. The essential nutrients are carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 2

What nutrients are considered macronutrients? Micronutrients?

Answer 2

Macronutrients are fats, carbohydrates, protein, and water. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals

Question 3

Define calories.

Answer 3

Calories are the measure of the amount of energy that can be derived from food.

Question 4

Define basal metabolic rate.

Answer 4

BMI is the number of calories needed to sustain the body at rest.

Question 5

List in order the digestive tract organs that contain the food

Answer 5

The digestive tract organs involves the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus

Question 6

What are the functions of water?

Answer 6

The functions of water include carrying nutrients, helping with digestion, ridding the body of wastes through urine, and contributing to the production of sweat

Question 7

How does the body lose water?

Answer 7

Through perspiration (sweat), urination, bowel movements, and normal exhalation

Question 8

What is the main function of protein?

Answer 8

Proteins are critical for growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 9

What is a complete protein? List some examples.

Answer 9

Provides all the essential amino acids. Some examples include meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products

Question 10

What is an incomplete protein? List some examples.

Answer 10

Provides some of the essential amino acids. Some examples include grains, dry beans, and nuts.

Question 11

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates are the basic fuel for the body.

Question 12

Where do the major sources of complex carbohydrates come from

Answer 12

Major food sources are plants. This includes grains, vegetables, and fruits.

Question 13

What is the glycemic index?

Answer 13

The effect that a carbohydrate containing food has on the blood sugar level.

Question 14

What are the functions of fat?

Answer 14

Fats carry and aids in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins; A, D, E, and K, and plays a role in growth and development

Question 15

What type of fat is liquid at room temperature? Solid at room temperature?

Answer 15

Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, while animal fat is solid at room temperature

Question 16

How does unsaturated fat become a trans fat?

Answer 16

Trans fat is created through a process called hydrogenation

Question 17

What is the healthiest type of fat?

Answer 17

The healthiest type of fat is unsaturated fat.

Question 18

What fats put you at risk for heart disease?

Answer 18

Trans fat puts you at risk of heart disease.

Question 19

How are vitamins classified? What do these classifications mean?

Answer 19

Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body, while water-soluble are used up by the body or washed out in urine and sweat and must be replaced daily.

Question 20

What are the daily recommendations for the all of the essential macronutrients?

Answer 20

Water – Half your body weight in ounces

Proteins – 10-35% of total daily calories

Carbohydrates – 45-65% of total daily calories

Fats – 20-35% of total daily calories

Question 21

1 gram of carbohydrates equals how many calories? Protein? Fat?

Answer 21

One gram of carbohydrates and proteins equals four calories, while one gram of fats equals nine calories.

Question 22

How many calories are in 1 pound of fat?

Answer 22

One pound of fat equals to about 3500 calories

Question 23

In order to lose one pound a week how should the calories be divided?

Answer 23

In order to lose a pound a week, one needs to expend 500 calories a day.

Question 24

How many calories should the average college age woman consume? The average college age man?

Answer 24

Men should consume 2500 calories while women should consume 2000.

Question 25

Women should never consume less than _____ calories per day.

Answer 25

1000 calories

Question 26

Men should never consume less than _____ calories per day

Answer 26

1200 calories

Question 27

What type of foods should be incorporated in a person’s diet?

Answer 27

Fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meat, and non-fat or low-fat milk products.

Question 28

According to Choose My Plate, what are the dietary recommendations for one’s daily food intake?

Answer 28

Fruits, vegetables, proteins, grains, and dairy

Question 29

How do you make healthful food choices?

Answer 29

Eat breakfast.

Don’t eat too much of one thing.

Don’t ban food.

Make every calorie count.

Question 30

How do you keep foods safe?

Answer 30

Thoroughly wash hands.

Separate raw, cooked, and ready-to-eat foods when shopping, preparing and storing.

Cook foods to safe temperatures.

Chill (refrigerate) perishable foods promptly.