Biomolecules Flashcards
What are bio molecules?
Molecules involved in biochemical reactions (bcr’s) and must have carbon as the central atom.
Water is not a biomolecule.
T/F
True
Is CaCO3 a biomolecule?
No.
Bcz it doesn’t take part in biochemical reactions
What are bio macro molecules?
Molecules with molecular weight more than 800 Da. Polymers like starch,proteins, nucleic acid, fats. # found in retanate (acid insoluble pool)
What are bio micro molecules?
Molecules with molecular weight around 8-800 Da. Monomers like monosaccharides-glucose, amino acids, nucleotides. # filtrate (acid soluble pool) contains bio micro molecules
____ is not characteristically a true macromolecule.
Fat.
Bcz its molecular weight is less than 800 Da but due to clubbing action of fats they form a fat droplet (mol.wt = >800 Da).
What are carbohydrates?
◾️Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
◾️Hydrides of carbon.
Monosaccharides cannot be further hydrolysed.
T/F
True.
Though they can be broken down.
**Monosaccharides are single sugars/monomers.
Oligosaccharides upon hydrolysis yield ___sugar units.
2-9
Polysaccharides upon hydrolysis yield ______ sugar units.
More than 9.
What is chirol carbon?
C* or chirol carbon is a carbon attached to 4 different groups. # it is necessary for any type of isomerism.
Name the only sugar that is both steriochemically as well as optically inactive.
Dihydroxy acetone (DHA). * bcz it has no chirol carbon.
No. Of sterio-isomers is given by
2^n
Where n is the no. Of chiral carbon.
# 50% of isomers ‘ll b L-isomers rest ½ will b D-isomers.
position of hydroxyl group is twrds right=_____
Position of hydroxyl group is twrds left= _____
Right=dextro isomer
Left=levo isomer
Name an : Aldotriose Aldotetrose Ketotriose Ketotetrose
Aldotriose = glyceral dehyde Aldotetrose = erythrose Ketotriose = dihydroxy acetone(DHA) Ketotetrose = erythrolose
Enentiomers are
Non-superimposible mirror images.
What is refrence carbon or penultimate carbon?
Chiral carbon that is farthest from the functional group i.e second last carbon.
Sterio-isomers that vary only at one chiral carbon are k/a ______.
Epimers.
Which of these are epimers: 1️⃣Glucose & galactose at 4 2️⃣Glucose & manose at 2 3️⃣Galactose & manose at 2 4️⃣Galactose & manose at 4
Glucose & galactose are epimers at 4.
Glucose & mankse are epimers at 2.
But,
Glu & manose are non-epimers, because they vary at 2 & 4.
Glucose in ring form is called
Pyronose. ## Ring is formed b/w C-1 and C-5.
No. Of isomers of glucose & glucopyronose are ___&___ respectively.
1) 32,8
2) 8,16
3) 16,32
4) 16,16
3) 16 in glucose & 32 in glucopyronose.
What are primary metabolites?
Organic compounds that are produced by living organisms and are required for their basic or primary metabolic processes are c/d primary metabolites.
Like aminoacids, chlorophylls, haems etc.
What are secondary metabolites?
Many plants,fungi and microbes of certain genera and families synthesise a number of organic compounds that are not involved in the primary metabolism are k/a secondary metabolites.
E.g, carotenoids (pigments), codiene (alkaloid), toxins,drugs,lectins etc
Name some secondary metabolites as:
1) pigments
2) alkaloids
3) terpenoides
4) essential oils
5) toxins
6) lectins
7) drugs
8) polymeric substances
1) pigments : carotenoids, anthocyanins
2) alkaloids : morphine, codiene
3) terpenoides : mono terpenes,diterpenes
4) essential oils :lemon grass oil
5) toxins : abrin, ricin
6) lectins : concanavalin A
7) drugs : vinblastin, curcumin
8) polymeric substances : rubber, gums, cellulose.
