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Zoology > Digestion & Absorption (except process) > Flashcards

Digestion & Absorption (except process) Flashcards

1
Q

Arrangement when tooth is embedded in sockets

A

Thecodont

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2
Q

Two sets of teeth during a lifetime

A

Diphyodont

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3
Q

Four different types of teeth

A

Heterodont

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4
Q

Arrangement of teeth in each ½ of the upper and lower jaw in adult humans

A

2123/2123 in the order of I,C,PM,M.

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5
Q

Tongue is attached to the floor of buccal cavity by

A

Lingual frenulum

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6
Q

Tongue has small projections called

A

Papillae.

*Some of them bear taste buds.

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7
Q

Cartilaginous flap that prevents the entry of food into the wind pipe is

A

Epiglottis.

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8
Q

Glottis is the opening of

A

Wind pipe.

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9
Q

_______ regulates the opening of oesophagus into the stomach.

A

Gastro oesophageal sphincter

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10
Q

Regions of small intestine are best described as:
C-shaped =
Long coiled middle portion =
Highly coiled =

A

C-shaped=duodenum
Long coiled middle portion = jejunum
Highly coiled = ileum

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11
Q

Opening of stomach into duodenum is guarded by

A

Pyloric sphincter

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12
Q

______ is a small blind sac that hosts some symbiotic micro-organisms.

A

Coecum.

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13
Q

Narrow finger like tubular projection that arises from caecum is

A

Vermiform appendix, vestigial organ.

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14
Q

Layers of wall of alimentary canal from outside to in is

A

Serosa -muscularis -sub mucosa -mucosa

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15
Q

Serosa is

A

Outermost layer m/o thin mesothelium ( epithelium of visceral organs) with some connective tissue.

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16
Q

Muscularis is

A

Formed by smooth muscles- usually inner circular and outer longitudinal

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17
Q

Sub-mucosal layer is formed of

A

Loose connective tissue containing nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

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18
Q

Duodenal glands are present in ______ layer of alimentary canal wall.

A

Sub-mucosa.

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19
Q

Innermost layer that lines the lumen of alimentary canal is

A

Mucosa

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20
Q

Mucosa forms:

1) Rugae (irregular folds) in stomach
2) Villi (Small finger like foldings) in small intestine
3) Both
4) None

A

Both.

Mucosa also forms gastric glands and crypts of lieberkuhn.

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21
Q

Goblet cells are found in which layer of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa

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22
Q

Lacteal is

A

Large lymph vessel present in villi.

* help in absorption of fats.

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23
Q

Select the wrong one:

1) Parotids - cheek
2) Sub-maxillary/sub-mandibular - lower jaw
3) Sub-linguals - below the tongue
4) Infra orbitals - not in man; found in cats and dogs.

A

All are correct.

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24
Q

Parotids = stensons duct
Sub-mandibular = whartins duct
Sub-lingual = duct of rivinus
Are these correctly matched? If not,give the correct duct for each of these.

A 
All are correct... i.e.,
Parotids = stensons duct
Sub-mandibular = whartins duct
Sub-lingual = duct of rivinus
Pnemonic: Plz See My Wife she’s Lovely and; Respectable.
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25
Q

Name some minor salivary glands and their secretions?

A

1) Goblet cells - produce mucus.
2) Nuhn cels - produce saliva (that has no amylase)
3) # Ebners cells - produce saliva that has salivary lipase.

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26
Q

Which hormone assists in chemical regulation of saliva?

A

Kalkarin/kaladin.

Its a hormone secreted by blood vessels walls that are around salivary glands.

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27
Q

_________ are the structural and functional units of liver conatining ______cells arranged in the form of cords.

A

Hepatic lobules are the str. and func. units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords.

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28
Q

Duct of gall bladder is

A

Cystic duct.

29
Q

Bile is stored and concentrated 10 times in

A

Gall bladder.

30
Q

____and____ from the common bile duct.

A

Cystic duct and hepatic duct.

31
Q

_____ and _____ form the hepato-pancreatic duct.

A

Bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

32
Q

Hepato-pancreatic duct is guarded by

A

Sphincter of oddi.

33
Q

Name the main and accessory duct of pancreas

A

Duct of wirsung (main)

Duct of santorini (accessory)

34
Q

_________ regulates the opening of common bile duct.

A

Sphincter of boyden.

35
Q

Hepato pancreatic duct is also called

A

Ampula of vater.

36
Q

Common bile duct is also k/a

A

Ductus cholidocus.

37
Q

Exocrine part of pancreas secrete

A

Alkaline pancreatic juice containing enzymes.

38
Q

Endocrine part of pancreas secrete

A

Hormones_insulin and glucagon.

39
Q

Mucus in saliva helps in

A

Lubricating and adhering masticated food particles into a bolus.

40
Q

Why is the composition of Saliva ?

A

Saliva secreted into the oral cavity contains electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-) and enzymes, salivary amylase and lysozyme.

41
Q

The chemical process of digestion is initiated in

A

the oral cavity by hydrolytic action of carbohydrate splitting enzyme, the salivary amylase.

42
Q

___% starch is hydrolysed in buccal cavity.

A

30%

43
Q

Salivary amylase works in a pH of

A

6.8

44
Q

Lysozyme present in saliva is

A

Antibacterial agent that prevents infection.

45
Q

Name the major types of cells of gastric glands along with their secretion ?

A

▪️Mucus neck cells- secrete mucus
▪️Peptic/chief cells- secrete pro enzyme pepsinogen.
▪️Parietal/oxyntic cells- secrete HCl and CIF(castles intrinsic factor) that’s required for absorption of vit. B12

46
Q

Food remains in stomach for

A

4-5hrs

47
Q

Gastric juice contains

A 
Pepsinogen 
Mucus and bicarbonates
Rennin
HCl
CIF (castles intrinsic factor)
Small amount of lipase.
48
Q

Mucus and bicarbonates present in gastric juice play role in

A

Lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly conc. HCl

49
Q

Rennin is a

A

Proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins

50
Q

Pancreatic juice contains

A 
Trypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Procarboxypeptidases
Amylases
Lipases
Nucleases
51
Q

Trypsinogen is activated into trypsin by an enzyme ________ which is secreted by _______.

A

Trypsinogen is activated by an enzyme ‘enterokinase’ secrete by ‘intestinal mucosa’ , into active trypsin which in turn activates the other enzymes in the pancreatic juice.

52
Q

Bile contains

A 
Bile pigments= bilirubin, bili-verdin
Bile salts
Cholesterol 
Phospholipids 
But NO ENZYMES.
53
Q

Secretions of goblet cells constitute

A

The intestinal juice/succus enterricus

54
Q

Intestinal juice contains

A

Variety of disaccharides (e.g. Maltase)
Dipeptides
Lipases
Nucleosidases

55
Q

_________ protects the intestinal mucosa from acid as well as provide an alkaline medium (7.8) for enzymatic activity

A

Mucus and bicarbonates from pancreas.

* sub-mucosal glands/Brunners glands also help in this.

56
Q

No significant digestion occurs in large intestine.

T/F

A

True.

57
Q

Activities of gastro-intestinal tract are under neural and hormonal regulation for proper co-ordination of different parts.
(T/F)

A

True.

58
Q

Give the gross calorific values of

a) carbohydrates
b) proteins
c) fats

A

a) carbohydrates = 4.1 kcal/g
b) proteins = 5.65 kcal/g
c) fats = 9.45 kcal/g

59
Q

Give the physiologic calorific values of

a) carbohydrates
b) proteins
c) fats

A

a) carbohydrates = 4 kcal/g
b) proteins = 4 kcal/g
c) fats = 9 kcal/g

60
Q

______,______,_____ are absorbed by simple diffusion.

A

Small amounts of monosaccharides like glucose, aminoacids and some electrolytes like Cl- ion

61
Q

_____ and _____ are absorbed withe help of carrier proteins.

A

Glucose and aminoacids.

62
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by

A

Lymph vessels called lacteals.

63
Q

How are fats absorbed?

A

Fats cant be directly absorbed into the blood stream. They’re first incorporated into small droplets called ‘micelles’ which move into the intestinal mucosa. They’re re-formed into very small protein coated fat globules called ‘chylomicron’ which are transported into lacteal in the villi that ultimately release the absorbed substances into the blood stream.

64
Q

Miscelles are formed in ______ and have the covering of ________.

A

Formed in intestinal lumen

Have a covering of bile salts.

65
Q

Chylomicron is formed in ______ and has a covering of ________.

A

Formed in enterrocyte.

Covering of protein.

66
Q

____ and _____ give characteristic smell to urine.

A

Indole and sketole.

67
Q

____ gives colour to urine.

A

Urochrome

68
Q

______ gives colour to faecal matter.

A

Stercobillin.

Zoology (10 decks)

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