Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dentistry Year 2 Term 1 > Ben Boardman > Flashcards

Ben Boardman Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological epithelium will form the oral mucosa

What brachial arch moves ventraly to come in to contact with this

A

Primitive stomodeum

First brachial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the process of reciprocal induction during dentinogenesis and amelogenesis
4

A
  1. As ectomesenchyme of first brachial arch grows down and forwards it comes into contact with oral epithelium
  2. Inductive signals (cytokine growth factors) are released from oral epithelium to extomesenchyme causing odontoblast differentiation
  3. At the same time ectomesenchyme feeds back to oral epithelium to regulate pattern of amelogenisis
  4. Dentine formation is required before enamel can begin to form hence reciprocal induction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the primary epithelial band form

What do the primary epithelial bands form

What do the primary epithelial bands form from

A

37 days

Dental arches

Ectomesenchyme (neural crest cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What two distinct structures do the primary epithelial bands give rise to

What do these structures proceed

A

Dental Lamina- teeth

Vestibular lamina- buccal and labial vestibules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the stages the dental lamina goes through to form the tooth
4

A

Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
Crown stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens during bud stage

A

Epithelium of dental lamina forms bud extending into underlying ectomesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during cap stage

A

Epithelial bud grows down to form a cap called the dental organs

Ectomesenchyme condensations give rise to dental papilla and dental follicle

During late stage enamel knot is formed by clusters of non dividing cells particularly in molar teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What tissue does the dental organ go on to form

What forms the bulk of cap

What structures does the dental papilla form
What structures does the dental follicle form

What is the role of the enamel knot thought to be?

A

Enamel

Epithelial cells from primitive stomodeum

Dentine and pulp
Periodontal complex- pdl, cementum, alveolar bone

Tooth morphogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens during bell stage

A

Dental hard tissues are laid down
Tooth becomes bell shaped
Distinct regions develop: epithelial layers in enamel organ, cervical loops, enamel chord, dental papilla, dental follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the epithelial layers surrounding the dental enamel organ? And their roles
4

A

Internal enamel epithelium - amelogenesis developing into ameloblasts
Stratum intermedium- mineralisation
Stellate reticulum- collapses when amelogenesis begins to bring internal and external enamel epithelial layers together
External enamel epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of cervical loops

What is the role of enamel cord

A

Root formation

Eruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens during crown stage

A

Differentiation of odontoblasts from dental papilla and mineralised dentin matrix formation
Commencement of amelogenesis by ameloblasts which develop from internal enamel epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is microdontia

What is macrodontia

What is germination

What is fusion

A

Abnormally small teeth

Abnormally large teeth

The partial development of two teeth from single tooth bud appearing clinically as double teeth

The development of one large tooth from two tooth germs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is concresence

What is dilaceration

What is dens evaginatus

What is dens in dente

A

Fusion of roots of two teeth by cementum

Distortion of root occurring during development often as a result of trauma to the primary predecessor

Extra sharp cusp shaped tubercle projecting from palatal or buccal surface

Invagination of enamel giving radiographic appearance of tooth within tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is taurodontism

What is turners tooth

A

A malformed multi rooted tooth characterised by normal lengthen crown, abnormally short roots and large pulp chamber extending deeply into roots

Tooth with area of localised enamel hypoplasia resulting in area of white or yellow discolouration possibly caused by trauma of associated primary tooth with periapical inflammatory lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are hutchinsons incisors

What are mulberry/moon molars

A

Permanent incisors of abnormal shape in which Incisal edges are notched and narrower than cervical region

Small domed first permanent molars sometimes seen in patients with congenital syphilis

17
Q

What is adontia

What is hypotonia

What is hyperdontia

A

Congenital absence of teeth

Decrease in number of teeth

Presence of more teeth than normal

18
Q

What is the difference between exogenous stains and endogenous stains

A

Exogenous stains are intrinsic stains acquired after tooth eruption

Endogenous stains are intrinsic stains acquired during tooth development

19
Q

What is fluorosis

What is amelogenesis imperfecta

A

Fluoride excess leading to hypo mineralisation ranging from chalky white spot to dark staining

A group of hereditary defects of the matrix of mineralisation of enamel causing it to be hypoplastic, hypocalcified, hypomatured

20
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta

What is dentin dysplasia
Type 1
Type 2

A

A hereditary condition affecting Dentin formation characterised by early calcification of pulp chamber and dark opalescent yellow/grey discolouration of teeth, early loss of enamel leads to attrition

Autosomal dominant defect in Dentine development
Type 1 has normal crown appearance but little or no root development or pulp
Type 2 leads to primary teeth with brown/blue discolouration with no pulp then adult teeth with enlarged pulp chamber

21
Q

What causes primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

What are the oral symptoms

What is it’s treatment

A

HSV 1

Red vesicles on mucosa, hard palate, gingival tissues or dorsum of tongue which rupture to form shallow grey/yellow ulcers with red margins

Fluid intake, analgesia, hydrogen peroxide mouthwash (12+), topical anaesthetic gel benzocaine (2+), bonjela, aciclovir

22
Q

What causes secondary herpes simplex (cold sore)

What are the oral symptoms

What are the treatments

A

Reactivation of latent HSV 1

Prodromal paraesthesia, painful vesicles on lip that enlarge, weep, rupture and crust

Fluid intake, analgesia, aciclovir

23
Q

What causes chicken pox

What are the key symptoms

What is the treatment

A

HSV 3 varicella zoster virus

Macular eruptions all over body, may also be in mouth

Fluid intake, analgesia, calamine lotion, antihistamines

24
Q

What causes shingles

What are the key symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Reactivation of varicella zoster HSV 3

Vesicular rash and stomatitis

Fluid intake, analgesia, aciclovir, immunisation

25
Q

What causes glandular fever

What are the oral symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Epstein Barr virus HSV 4

Sore throat, pharyngitis, oral ulceration on posterior pharynx and soft palate, petechial heamorrhage on palate (small red dots), lymph node enlargement

Fluid intake, analgesia

26
Q

What causes slapped cheek/fifth disease

What are the key symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Parvovirus B19

Initial bright red rash on cheeks followed by generalised rash

Fluid intake, analgesia

27
Q

What causes herpangina

What are the oral symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Coxsackie A16

Small vesicles form 4-5 clusters on palate and back of throat

Fluid intake , analgesia

28
Q

What causes hand foot and mouth

What are the key symptoms
What are the oral symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71

Maculo papular rash on hands, feet and mouth with erythematous margins
Around 10 small vesicles on palate and pharynx that rupture to form ulcers

Fluid intake, analgesia

29
Q

What causes measles

What are the key symptoms
What are the oral symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Rubelola virus

Generalised rash with red maculo papular lesions starting on head
Kopliks spots

Fluid intake, analgesia, MMR vaccine

30
Q

What causes Rubella/ German measles

What are the main symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Rubella virus

Generalised rash starting from behind ears

Fluid intake, analgesia, MMR vaccine

31
Q

What causes mumps

What are the oral symptoms

What is the treatment

A

Rubulavirus

Parotid enlargement leading to unilateral or bilateral swelling

Opening of stensons duct appears erythematous and enlarged

Fluid intake, analgesia, MMR vaccine

32
Q

Explain bone remodelling theory of tooth eruption

Evidence for and against

A

The selective absorption and deposition of bone causes eruption

Tooth eruption is prevented when there is a deficiency of osteoclasts
It is not clear if bone resorption causes tooth movement or tooth movement causes bone resorption

33
Q

Explain root formation theory of tooth eruption

Evidence against

A

As root develops cellular proliferation occurs generating force against cushion hummock ligament causing eruption

Some believe this ligament is just a membrane with no bony attachment
Some teeth erupt further than their corresponding root formation
Some teeth erupt without full root formation

34
Q

Explain vascular pressure theory of tooth eruption

Evidence for and against

A

Increased vascular pressure generates force causing eruption

Increasing hydrostatic pressure of blood vessels increases eruption speed
Stimulation of sympathetic nerves causing vasoconstriction decreases eruption speed
Hydrostatic pressure not sufficient to sustain eruption for long periods of time

35
Q

Explain PDL traction theory

Evidence for and against

A

Fibroblasts in dental follicle contract to generate force causing eruption

Tooth eruption is prevented when there is a deficiency of osteoclasts
Fibroblasts don’t have contractile elements
Contractile collagen fibres connected to fibroblasts do not insert into bone during early eruption

Dentistry Year 2 Term 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions