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Z Year 2 Anatomy > Abdomen 2 > Flashcards

Abdomen 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the exocrine secretion of the pancreas empty into?

A

duodenum by the pancreatic duct (s)

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2
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A
  • Important filter of blood cells

- significant component of immune system

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3
Q

Is the spleen covered in peritoneum?

A

Covered by peritoneum except at it hilum where splenic blood vessels enter

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4
Q

How did the spleen develop?

A
  1. between the two layers of the dorsal mesogastrium
    2 As it grew it bulged out within the outer layer which forms its peritoneal covering - two double folds of peritoneum meet at the hilum
  2. one in front the gastro splenic ligament and one behind the linalrenal ligament - between the 2 folds is the left hand limit of the lesser sac
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5
Q

Where is the splenic flexure in relation to the spleen?

A

In front and just below

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6
Q

Are the veins in front of the arteries in the renal vessels?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Where is the left renal vein?

A

crosses in front of aorta, just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Where is the right renal vein?

A

shorter and passes steeply backwards to reach the right kidney

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9
Q

Where do the renal arteries arise?

A

just below the superior mesenteric arter

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10
Q

Where do the branches of renal artery and vein enter the kidney?

A

At the hilum

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11
Q

What creates the renal sinus?

A

At the hilum the surface of the kidneys is rolled inwards

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12
Q

What is the renal pelvis formed by?

A

convergence of a number of broad drainage channels

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13
Q

How may major calyces drain into the pelvis?

A

3 or 4 and each major calyx branches into several minor ones

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14
Q

How does each minor calyx end?

A

at a trumpet widening

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15
Q

What is at the end of each calyx?

A

solid tissue of kidney projects inwards in a mounded ridge called papilla

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16
Q

What does the renal penicula consist of?

A

outer cortex and inner medulla

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17
Q

What is the medulla continuous with?

A

papillae

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18
Q

What does the cortex of the suprarenal gland secrete?

A

Corticosteroids

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19
Q

What does the medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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20
Q

Where does the ureter emerge from?

A

hilum of kidney and runs almost straight downwards toward the pelvic brim

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21
Q

What is behind the ureter and what crosses across it?

A
  • psoas major muscle

- the testicular vessels cross in front of the ureter and ovarian vessels do in the female

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22
Q

What are the three midline branches of the aorta?

A
  1. Celiac artery
  2. Superior mesenteric artery
  3. Inferior mesenteric artery
23
Q

What does the celiac artery/trunk supply?

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Proximal duodenum
  3. Spleen
  4. Liver
  5. Most of pancreas
24
Q

Where does the celiac trunk arise?

A

just at the top of the aortic opening between the cura of the diaphragm

25
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Left gastric artery which goes straight up
  2. Large common hepatic artery
  3. Large splenic artery
26
Q

What is the course of the splenic artery?

A
  1. towards the spleen along the upper border of the pancreas
  2. The splenic artery ends by dividing into several large branches as it reaches the hilum of the spleen
27
Q

What does the common hepatic artery divide into?

A

The common hepatic artery passes to the right and divides into hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery

28
Q

What is the journey of the hepatic artery?

A

runs upwards and to the right to supply the liver

29
Q

What does the hepatic artery run close to?

A
  • Common bile duct

- Portal vein

30
Q

What does the right gastric artery arise from?

A

Hepatic artery

31
Q

What does the right gastric epiloic artery arise form?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

32
Q

What happen after the gastroduodenal artery gives off the right gastro epiploic artery?

A

continues as the pancreatco-duodenal artery which runs downwards behind the duodenum supplying it and the head of the pancreas

33
Q

Where does the stomach get most of its blood supply?

A
  1. Outer arcade

2. Inner arcade

34
Q

What is the outer arcade? What is it supplied by?

A
  • runs in the greater omentum or gastro hepatic ligament close to the greater curve
  • supplied by the right gastro diploic and the left gastro diploic which is a branch of the splenic - often the right and left vessels join to form a continuous loop
35
Q

What is the inner arcade? What is it supplied by?

A
  • runs in the lesser omentum near the lesser curve

- supplied on both ends by the right gastric and left gastric arteries

36
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A
  1. Distal duodenum
  2. The jeinouleum
  3. The ascending colon
  4. Part of transverse colon
37
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise?

A

from aorta just below the celiac trunk

38
Q

What is near the superior mesenteric artery?

A
  • splenic vein in front of it

- left renal vein behind it

39
Q

What do the branches of superior mesenteric artery go?

A

Pancreas nad duodenum

40
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery emerge from?

A
  • Beneath neck of pancreas along with superior mesenteric vein
  • Passes in front of uncinate process of pancreas and in front of third part of duodenum
41
Q

What are some of the branches the superior mesenteric artery gives off as it passes down?

A
  1. Some enter the mesentery
  2. Two run down and to the right in the retoperitenum
  3. One passes upwards and enters transverse mesocolon.
42
Q

Where does the ileocolic artery go?

A

towards the cecum

43
Q

Where do the right and middle colic artery go?

A

ascending colon and transverse colon respectively

44
Q

What happens to the superior mesenteric branches as they approach the intestine?

A

rejoin to form a set of vascular arcades that run close to the intestine along its length

45
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

The distal colon

Rectum

46
Q

What is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Origin from aorta is below the pancreas and duodenum at the level of L3

47
Q

What does left colic artery supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

A

supplies descending colon and distal part of transverse colon and helps form an arcade in the transverse mesocolon

48
Q

What does sigmoid branches supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

A

sigmoid colon

49
Q

What does superior rectal artery supply? (branch of inferior mesenteric artery)

A

-branch runs down into the pelvis to supply the upper part of the rectum

50
Q

What are the lower parts of the rectum supplied by?

A

branches of the internal iliac artery

51
Q

What is the portal vein formed from?

A

Superior mesenteric vein (s), inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

52
Q

Where does the portal vein journey?

A
  • Runs up and to the right to the liver

- Portal veins runs behind first part of duodenum

53
Q

What does the portal vein run up towards liver within?

A

hepatoduoneal ligament which is the lower part of the lesser omentum

54
Q

What is close to the portal vein?

A
  • hepatic artery

- common bile duct

Z Year 2 Anatomy (16 decks)

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