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Z Year 2 Anatomy > Lower Limb 1.2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball-and-socket synovial joint

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2
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

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3
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

plane synovial joint

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sacro-iliac joint?

A

synovial joint (but limited mobility)

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5
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

fibrocartilaginous joint

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6
Q

What type of joint is the patello-femoral joint?

A

gliding synovial joint

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7
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous joint

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8
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

synovial joint

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9
Q

What are the joints mostly within and between the groups of foot bones?

A

mainly synovial

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10
Q

Where is the hip joint?

A

head of femur and acetabulum

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11
Q

Why is the hip joint clinical important?

A
  • Highly mobile ball and socket joint

- Commonly injured

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12
Q

What are the movements at the hip?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Adduction
  4. Abduction
  5. Lateral rotation
  6. Medial rotation
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13
Q

What is in the acetabulum?

A
  • Not simple cup like socket
  • Acetabular fossa
  • Acetabular notch
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14
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint capsule? When are they visible?

A
  1. Ilio-femoral ligament (anterior view)
  2. Pubofemoral ligament (anterior view)
  3. Ischio-femoral ligament (posterior view)
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15
Q

What is the hip joint between?

A

articulate between head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis: connection of free lower limb and trunk

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16
Q

What is the patella femoral joint between?

A

between patella and anterior intercondylar groove of the femur

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17
Q

What is the knee joint between?

A

between condyles of distal femur and condyles of proximal tibia

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18
Q

What is the ankle joint between?

A

between distal ends of leg bones and the talus (most proximal of the tarsal bone)

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19
Q

What is the acetabulum notch spanned by?

A

transverse acetabular ligament (completing socket)

20
Q

What does the acetabular fossa contain? Why is this good?

A

fibro fatty tissue - presence of fossa means that the articular surface of the acetbaulum has a horse shoe shape - optimum shape to minimise contact stress in acetabulum

21
Q

What is the acetabulum socket deepened by?

A

acetabular labrum (rim of cartilage) - similar rim on glenoid fossa of shoulder joint

22
Q

What is acetabulum and head of femur connected by? What is the journey of this ligament?

A
  1. ligament of head of femur (ligametum teres)

2. Ligament spans between the transverse acetabular ligament and the fovea of the femoral head

23
Q

What happens to the ligament when the head of the femur is in the acetabulum?

A

the ligament is pushed into the fossa

24
Q

What is the attachment between for the iliofemoral ligament?

A
  • proximal attachment to the iliac bone

- broad distal attachment

25
Q

What is the attachment between for the pubofemoral ligament?

A

attaches to pubis and femur

26
Q

What is the attachment between for the ischio-femoral ligament?

A

proximally to the ischium and passes anterolaterally to the femur

27
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Som3 gliding, rolling and limited rotation occur at the knee
28
Q

What is the articulation between with the knee joint?

A
  • Thigh and Leg
  • Lateral and medial condyles of distal end of femur articulate with the lateral and medial condyles of the tibial plateau
29
Q

Do the patella and fibula contribute to the knee joint?

A

No

30
Q

When is the small degree of lateral and medial rotation important in the knee joint?

A

locking and unlocking the joint during full extension but this movement is limited by ligaments

31
Q

Is their congruence between the distal femur and proximal tibia?

A

No

32
Q

What is between the condyles?

A

intercondylar fossa

33
Q

What are the two pairs of major knee ligaments that stabilise the knee?

A
  1. Anterior and posterior curate ligaments

2. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

34
Q

What does the curicuate ligaments attach?

A

Cross over each other to attach to the opposite aspect of intercondylar fossa of the femurl

35
Q

What does the curicuate ligaments limit?

A

imit the anterior posterior movement of the femur relative to the tibia

36
Q

What does the medial and lateral collateral ligaments connect?

A
  • found at the lateral and medial aspects of the joint connecting the femur with the leg bones
  • Medial collateral ligament connects the medial femur and tibia and lateral collateral connects lateral femur and with the head of the fibula
37
Q

What does the medial and lateral collateral ligaments limit?

A
  • prevent adduction and abduction at the knee

- in doing so they largely limit the knee joint to hinge activity

38
Q

What are the menisci?

A
  1. c shaped cartilage structures 2. increase the congruence of the joint articulations and adapt to the change in shape of femoral articulation
  2. as the femoral condyles roll and slide over the tibial plate in flexion and extension
39
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

A

medial collateral ligament - increase likelihood of injury to medial meniscus

40
Q

What are bursae?

A

cushioning bearing that allow tendons to slide over bony surfaces

41
Q

What are the two types of bursae, give examples?

A
  1. isolated sacs e.g. prepatella bursa

2. out patches of the synovial capsule of the joint e.g supra patellar burs

42
Q

What is knee bursitis caused by?

A

epeated trauma from kneeling and weight bearing on hard surfaces

43
Q

What bones does the ankle joint involve?

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Fibula
  3. Talus
44
Q

What is the movement at the ankle joint?

A
  1. Flexion

2. Extension

45
Q

Where does inversion and eversion of the foot happen?

A

at subtalar and transverses tarsal joint - NOT ankle joint

46
Q

What are sprained ankles?

A

orced eversion or inversion as a result of turning or twisting foot at ankle, collateral ligaments can be damaged

47
Q

Which ligaments are usually damaged in sprained ankles?

A
  1. tough medial deltoid ligament not commonly damaged even by significant forced eversion
  2. Sprained ankles usually due to forced over inversion and result in stretched and torn lateral ligaments particularly anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaenofibualr ligament

Z Year 2 Anatomy (16 decks)

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