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MSK > Arm Review > Flashcards

Arm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal carrying angle (cubitus valgus)?

A

10-15 degrees

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2
Q

T/F Carrying angle is greater in females (average 13 degrees) than males (average 10 deg).

A

True

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3
Q

What is the functional importance of a carrying angle?

A
  • compensates for the change of orientation of the radius

- allows the axis of the hand to stay in the longitudinal plane

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4
Q

T/F Humero-ulnar joint is a very stable joint.

A

True

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5
Q

What motion do the Humero-ulnar joint and the humero-radial joint have?

A

Uni-axial motion

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6
Q

Radial collateral ligament attached to what two areas?

A

lateral epicondyle and annular ligament

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7
Q

Radial collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

A

Flexion range

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8
Q

Anterior band of ulnar collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

A

Flexion

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9
Q

Posterior band of ulnar collateral ligament taut throughout what range of motion?

A

Between 1/2 and full extension

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10
Q

Resting position of humero-ulnar joint?

A

70 deg flex with 10 deg supination

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11
Q

Resting position of humero-radial joint?

A

Full extension & supination

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12
Q

T/F No vascular supply to proximal scaphoid

A

True

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13
Q

What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

A
  • Biconcave articular disc attaches along the rim of the ulnar notch of the radius, fans out, attaches horizontally into the depression of the ulnar head & styloid process
  • Continuous with ulnar collateral ligament
  • Anterior and posterior aspects are continuous with the radioulnar joint capsule ligaments
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14
Q

What is the function of the TFCC?

A
  • Primary stabilizer of the distal Radioulnar Joint

- Elastic cushion between ulnar head and triquetrum during wrist adduction- increases contact surface area

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15
Q

What creates the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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16
Q

What runs inside the carpal tunnel?

A

FDS, FDP, FPL, and median nerve

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17
Q

Function of the Flexor retinaculum?

A

Prevents bowstringing during wrist flexion

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18
Q

What carpals in lateral column of hand? Which digits?

A

Scaphoid, trapezium, 1st/2nd digits

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19
Q

What carpals in Intermediate column of hand? Which digits?

A

Lunate, capitate, 3rd digit

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20
Q

What carpals in Medial column of hand? Which digits?

A

Pisiform, triquetrum, hamate, 4th/5th digit

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21
Q

Intermetacarpal joints are connected by what?

A

dorsal, palmar and interosseous ligaments

22
Q

___ metacarpal surface on a ____ proximal phalanx surface of MCP.

A

Convex

Concave

23
Q

____ proximal phalanx on a ____ distal phalanx

A

convex

concave

24
Q

What’s a palmar plate?

A

Fibrocartilage attachment off of the base of the anterior aspect of the proximal phalanx to the neck of the metacarpal (or distal phalanx to proximal phalanx)

25
Q

What are the functions of the palmar plates?

A
  • Increases the area of the articular surface
  • Resist hyperextension with ligamentous attachment to proximal bony structure
  • Reinforce the joint capsule
  • Prevent impingement of flexor tendons during MCP flexion
  • Protects articular cartilage in extension with impact
  • Has healing capacity
26
Q

What travels through finger pulleys?

A

Flexors of fingers

27
Q

Along the phalangers, there are a series of arcuate and cruciate pulleys that function to do what?

A

stops bow stringing from occurring

28
Q

What do you find deep to cruciate ligament in the fingers?

A

Synovial tendon sheath

29
Q

Resting position of Radiocarpal/mid-carpal?

A

Slight palmar flexion/ slight ulnar deviation

30
Q

Resting position of proximal carpal row/distal carpal row?

A

Slight palmar flexion

31
Q

Resting position MCP and IPJ?

A

Slight flexion

32
Q

Brachialis action? Innervated by what nerve?

A
  • Elbow flexor

- Musculocutaneous

33
Q

Brachioradialis action? Innervated by what nerve?

A
  • elbow flexor, supinator in extreme pronation & pronator in extreme supination
  • Radial nerve
34
Q

What muscles is main flexor of elbow, but also supinator?

A

Biceps brachii

- Musculocutaneous

35
Q

What 2 accessory muscles for elbow flexion?

A 
ECRL (radial nerve)
Pronator Teres (median nerve)
36
Q

When do elbow flexors have peak mechanical advantage?

A

80-90

37
Q

When does brachioradialis have peak mechanical advantage?

A

100-110

38
Q

Triceps brachii origin and insertion? Innervated by?

A
  • Posterior/lateral humerus and glenoid notch of scapula -> tendon insertion on olecranon process
  • Radial nerve
39
Q

Supinator action? INnervated by?

A

Unwinds the ulna

Radial nerve

40
Q

At what degree of elbow flexion does the biceps brachii have the max efficiency for forearm supination?

A

90 elbow flexion

41
Q

Pronator quadratus innervated by?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

42
Q

Pronator teres action is especially weak when elbow is in what position? Innervated by?

A
  • weak action (especially when elbow is flexed)

- median nerve

43
Q

When is flexion of the wrist by the brachioradialis most effective?

A

In mid-pronation

44
Q

What are the tendons that make up to anatomic snuff box?

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus/EPB

Extensor Pollicis Longus

45
Q

What are the contents of the anatomic snuff box?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

46
Q

Normal ROM of wrist abd/adduction?

A

AROM: Abduction-Adduction 15deg-0deg-45deg

47
Q

ROM of abd/adduction of the wrist both decrease when wrist is in what position/s?

A

full flexion and extension secondary to tension in carpal ligaments

48
Q

What carpals are in the proximal row?

A

Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid

49
Q

What carpals are in the distal row?

A

Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium

50
Q

The transverse carpal lig (flexor retinaculum) travel from where to where?

A

the pisiform and hamate to the scaphoid and trapezium

51
Q

What are the 3 borders of guyon’s canal?

A
  • Lateral border of the pisiform
  • Transverse carpal ligament
  • Pisohamate ligament
52
Q

What are the contents of guyon’s canal?

A
  1. Ulnar Nerve- bifurcates late in the canal (superficial palmar cutaneous nerve)
  2. Ulnar Artery

MSK (18 decks)

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