5.1. Overview of the Mouth / Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Chewing (Mastication)?

A

To physically break the foodstuff down into smaller portions

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2
Q

What is the physically broken-down Foodstuff known as?

A

A Bolus

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3
Q

What are the 2 controls of Chewing (Mastication)?

A
  1. Voluntary

2. By Reflex

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4
Q

Which nerve controls the Muscles of Mastication?

A

The Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V3)

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5
Q

How is Mastication initiated by Reflex?

A
  1. Contraction of the Jaw Muscles increases the Pressure of Foodstuff against the Gums, Hard Palate and Tongue
  2. This activates Mechanoreceptors which causes the inhibition of the Jaw Muscles
  3. This reduces the pressure on these structures, which leads to contraction
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6
Q

What are the contents of Saliva?

A
  1. Water
  2. Mucins
  3. Alpha-Amylase
  4. Electrolytes
  5. Lysosomes
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7
Q

Which content of Saliva is the most abundant?

A

Water - This constitutes 99% of the secretory fluid

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8
Q

What does the Water, secreted from the Salivary Glands, do?

A

It Soften, Moistens, and Dilutes the Foodstuff Particles

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9
Q

What is the Major Protein Component of Saliva?

A

Mucsins

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10
Q

What do the Mucins combine with?

A

Water

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11
Q

What does the Mucin-Water combination produce?

A

Mucous

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12
Q

What is the Function of the Salivary Mucous?

A

It is a Viscous Solution used for Lubrication

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13
Q

What is the function of the Alpha-Amylase in the Saliva?

A

It catalyses the break-down of Polysaccharides into Disaccharides

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14
Q

What is the function of the Electrolytes?

A

To maintain the pH and Tonicity

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15
Q

What is the function of the Lysosomes?

A

These are Bacteriocidal

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16
Q

How are the Lysosomes Bacteriocidal?

A

These cleave the Polysaccharide component of the Bacterial Cell Wall

17
Q

What are the 3 major Glands Saliva is secreted from?

A
  1. The Parotid Gland
  2. The Submandibular Gland
  3. The Sublingual Gland
18
Q

Which Nervous System stimulates Saliva Secretion?

A

The Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS)

19
Q

Which Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System stimulates the secretion of Saliva?

A

Trick Question:

Both of them do

20
Q

What type of Saliva does the Parasympathetic Stimulation cause?

A

Profuse Watery Saliva

21
Q

What type of Saliva does the Sympathetic Stimulation cause?

A

Small Volume thick Saliva ( remember when nervous mouth dry and thick saliva)

22
Q

Which Parasympathetic Nerves innervate the Salivary Glands?

A
  1. The Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII -7)

2. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX -9)

23
Q

What are the contents of the Viscous (thick) Salivary Secretions (innervated by the Sympathetic Nervous System)?

A
  1. High Mucous Content

2. High Amylase Content

24
Q

What stimulates the release of the High Mucous Content of the Viscous Saliva?

A

The Alpha-1-Adrenoreceptors

25
Q

What stimulates the release of the High Amylase Content of the Viscous Saliva?

A

The Beta-2-Adrenoreceptors

26
Q

What is the Reflex Control of Salivation?

A

Stimulation which will automatically occur with the presence of food in the Mouth.

27
Q

How does the Reflex Control of Salivation work?

A

The Presence of food in the Mouth activates Chemoreceptors and Pressure Receptors in the Wall of the Mouth and Tongue, initiating the response